5.0 Summary of Findings and Answers to Research Issues

The issue of whether and how the traditional shipowner-charterer dynamic evolved to address the technical nuances of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) was addressed, requiring a transformation in maritime law and practice. A re-evaluation of longstanding maritime relationships was deemed necessary due to the shift from human-operated to autonomous vessels, which challenged the adequacy and relevance of existing legal norms, particularly those governing the dynamics between shipowners and charterers. Common law frameworks were found adaptable, yet these traditional legal structures were conceived in an era markedly different from the current technological landscape. Seaworthiness, deviations, and cargo care—each of these facets acquired additional layers of nuance due to the introduction of autonomous systems. These principles’ applicability and scope required re-evaluation. Charterparty agreements were identified as needing adaptability and precise redefinition to incorporate provisions that accurately reflected the challenges and opportunities brought by MASS. This redefinition had implications for risk assessment, liability allocation, and operational decisions.