EU Shipping Law

Vincent Power

Document

Page 1821

Index

abuse of dominant position
- definition 10.156–10.160
- ports 13.026–13.028
- Regulation 4056/86 11.085–11.086
Algeria, maritime transport between Italy and 25.062
anti-fouling systems 20.001–20.029 see also organotin
associations, and lobby groups 3.090
Austria, shipping analysis 2.029

Belgium
- cabotage and 7.059
- ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences 9.075
- shipping analysis 2.031–2.033
Benelux Union 3.010–3.011
block exemptions 10.111–10.115
- agreements between transport users and conferences 11.082
- consortia 5.098, 5.104
- general regulation on State aid 15.115–15.121
- for liner conferences 11.059–11.081
Bodson report 5.011
Bonn agreement 19.156–19.181
Brazil, maritime transport agreements 25.082–25.091, 25.092–25.102
Brexit 48.001–48.064
- chronology 48.010–48.027
- definition 48.002
- implications for EU shipping law and policy 48.028–48.030
  - competition law 48.042
  - conclusions 48.061–48.064
  - contracts 48.052
  - customs 48.056
  - discrimination on the basis of nationality 48.035
  - divergence between EU and UK law 48.048
  - employment and seafarer qualifications 48.038–48.039
  - environmental law 48.051
  - ferry operators 48.059
  - free movement of services in the maritime sector 48.032–48.034
  - freedom of establishment and registration of vessels 48.031
  - Ireland 48.060
  - litigation 48.045–48.047
  - marine equipment 48.040
  - merger control in the maritime sector 48.043
  - movement of live animals 48.055
  - passenger rights 48.053–48.054
  - post-Brexit expectations for port services 43.024
  - safety 48.036–48.037
  - sanctions regime 48.049
  - ship finance 48.050
  - ship recycling 48.041
  - State aid 48.044
  - trade 48.058
Brussels I Regulation see cross-border litigation, Brussels I Regulation
Bulgaria, shipping analysis 2.034–2.035
bulk carriers, safe loading and unloading
- Directive 2001/96 46.147–46.167
  - definitions 46.151
  - operational suitability requirements 46.152–46.153
  - procedures between bulk carriers and terminals 46.156
  - purpose 46.149
  - repair of damage incurred 46.158
  - responsibilities of masters and terminal representatives 46.155
  - role of competent authorities 46.157
  - scope 46.150
  - temporary authorisation 46.154
  - verification and reporting 46.159–46.167

Page 1822

cabotage 5.107–5.108
- arguments for and against 7.048–7.049
- benefits 7.078
- commercial overview 7.047
- and competition law 7.112–7.116, 12.180–12.181
- concepts of 7.044–7.046
- development of EU law 7.064–7.070
- and Euros-registered ships 7.081
- liberalisation 5.142
- in member states 7.050–7.063
  - with limited restrictions 7.061
  - with restrictions 7.051–7.058
  - without restrictions 7.058–7.063
- monitoring national law 7.108
- Regulation 3577/92 7.071
  - beneficiaries 7.080
  - crewing and 7.094–7.098
  - evaluation 7.106–7.107
  - implementation 7.082–7.087
  - key concepts 7.072
  - legal basis 7.079
  - operation of 7.088–7.089
  - public service obligations and 7.090–7.093
  - serious disturbances in the market and 7.099–7.104
  - suspensory effect 7.086–7.087
- temporary provision of services 7.105
Cambodia, maritime transport cooperation agreement 25.063–25.075
carbon dioxide emissions see under pollution
cargo
- movement of 2.006
- sharing 7.030–7.034
- taxation of 7.138–7.144
carriage of goods and passengers 46.001–46.190
- Athens Protocol 2002
  - Decision 2012/22 46.130–46.137
  - Decision 2012/23 46.138–46.146
- containers, ratification of CSC 46.003
- definition 46.053
- Directive 2009/42 46.049–46.071
  - accuracy 46.057
  - amendments background 46.066–46.071
  - background 46.052
  - Committee procedure 46.062–46.065
  - concepts 46.053
  - data collection 46.054–46.055
  - dissemination of data 46.061
  - ports 46.056
  - processing 46.058
  - reports 46.060
  - transmission of data 46.059
- fare reductions for Spanish nationals resident in the Canary Islands/Balearic Islands, Decision 87/359 46.126–46.129
- insurance of shipowners for maritime claims, Directive 2009/20 46.181–46.190
- publication of the list of passenger ships notified by Greece, Decision 1999/461 46.174–46.175
- safe loading and unloading of bulk carriers, Directive 2001/96 46.147–46.167
- vessels carrying dangerous/polluting goods
  - Directive 93/75 46.168–46.170
  - Directive 96/127 46.176–46.177
  - Directive 96/710 46.171–46.173, 46.178–46.180
- see also bulk carriers; passengers
carriage of hazardous and noxious substances, HNS Convention 21.001–21.012
Central Europe 3.027
China, maritime transport agreement 25.076–25.081
climate change, law and 49.065
Comité Maritime International 49.019
Commission v Netherlands litigation 6.141–6.151
Committee on Safe Seas and the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (COSS), establishment 26.011
Common Maritime Policy 5.058–5.068
Common Transport Policy (CTP) 4.003–4.004, 4.077
Community Shipping, competitiveness resolution 5.129
competition, and EU shipping policy 1.028–1.029
competition law 10.001–10.224
- anti-competitive arrangements, examples 10.206
- applicability 10.016, 10.018
- Article 101 10.052–10.115
  - agreements falling outside 10.086–10.096
  - basic concepts in 10.054–10.103
  - burden of proof 10.097
  - exemption 10.102–10.103
  - exemption conditions 10.106–10.109
  - individual exemptions 10.110
  - inter-State trade effects 10.079–10.085
  - prevention, restriction or distortion of competition 10.074–10.076, 10.077–10.078
  - prior to 1 May 2004 10.103–10.104
  - since 1 May 2004 10.105
  - text of 10.053
  - voidness 10.098–10.101
- Article 102 10.116–10.160
  - Page 1823
    
    concept of dominance 10.124–10.125
  - conditions for application 10.122
  - defining abuse of dominant position 10.156–10.160
  - determining a dominant position 10.126–10.142
  - determining market power 10.143–10.155
  - economic evidence 10.119
  - economic rationale 10.121
  - interpretation 10.120
  - text of 10.118
  - undertakings 10.123
- Article 106 10.199–10.205
- block exemptions 10.111–10.115
- bulk liquids by sea on deep sea routes case 10.219
- in the context of cabotage 7.112–7.116, 12.180–12.181
- direct applicability of Articles 101–102 10.019
- enforcement of Articles 101–102 10.161–10.192
  - burden/standards of proof 10.183–10.184
  - Commission’s role 10.164–10.167
  - complaints 10.176
  - conduct of proceedings 10.179–10.192
  - fines 10.186–10.189
  - initiation of proceedings 10.175
  - interim measures 10.191
  - international dimension 10.198
  - Member States’ role 10.167–10.174
  - national competition laws and 10.196
  - own-initiative investigations 10.177
  - by private parties 10.193–10.195
  - remedies 10.190
  - sectoral investigations/study 10.178
  - termination of proceedings 10.192
- Ferry Operators–Currency Surcharges case 10.208–10.210
- generally 10.009–10.051
- Greek Ferries case 10.216–10.218
- GT-Link case 10.224
- market definition 10.020–10.026
- ports 13.001–13.096
  - absence of sector-specific legislation 13.013
  - abuse of dominant position 13.026–13.028
  - access to ports 13.024–13.028
  - access to services 13.029–13.080
  - anti-competitive arrangements 13.025
  - application 13.005–13.012
  - application to undertakings 13.019–13.022
  - compliance examples 13.014–13.016
  - general application 13.023
  - information exchange 13.081, 13.085
  - negotiations relating to ports 13.094–13.095
  - pricing 13.086–13.093
  - relevance of 13.002–13.004
  - relevant rules 13.017, 13.019
  - and State aid 13.096
- P&O/Stena Line case 10.211–10.215
- Regulation 1419/2006 12.001–12.205
  - adoption of the new regime 12.042–12.045
  - Baltic Max Feeder case 12.199–12.201
  - bulk liquid shipping case 12.193
  - cabotage 12.180–12.181
  - Commission’s guidelines on maritime services 12.056–12.069
  - compliance with the new regime 12.182–12.192
  - container liner shipping case 12.202–12.203
  - effect of the new regime 12.046–12.052
  - effect on trade between Member States 12.153–12.155
  - IACS case 12.194–12.198
  - information exchange 12.083–12.142
  - liner shipping 12.071, 12.156–12.162
  - maritime car carriers case 12.204
  - market definition 12.070–12.082
  - outlook 12.205
  - self-assessment 12.152
  - shipping pools 12.143–12.151
  - technical agreements 12.081–12.082
  - tramp shipping 12.072–12.080, 12.163–12.179
  - transitional period 12.053–12.055
- Regulation 4056/86 11.001, 12.001
  - abuse of a dominant position 11.085–11.086
  - application 11.028–11.045
  - assessment 11.140–<:11.142
  - block exemption for agreement between transport users and conferences 11.082
  - block exemption for liner conferences 11.059–11.081
  - case law 11.138
  - Commission amendment 11.016
  - Commission powers 11.108
  - Commission proposals 11.011, 11.015
  - complaints procedure 11.091–11.096
  - conflicts of national laws 11.088–11.089
  - Council adoption 11.017–<:11.019
  - debate on the old regime 12.002–12.041
  - EESC opinion 11.012
  - entry into force 11.020
  - European Parliament’s report 11.013–11.014
  - Page 1824
    
    fines and periodic penalty payments 11.118–11.124, 11.127–11.130
  - hearings of parties and others 11.125–11.126
  - individual exemptions 11.102–11.107
  - interpretation of 11.024–11.027
  - investigations 11.114–11.117
  - legal bases 11.021
  - legal effect 11.023
  - legislative history 11.008–<:11.019
  - monitoring exempted agreements 11.083–11.084
  - opposition procedure 11.097–11.101
  - reform 11.139
  - rules of procedure 11.090–11.130
  - technical agreements 11.046–11.058
- Regulation 4260/88 11.131–11.137
  - communicating awards and recommendations to the Commission 11.137
  - complaints 11.134
  - exemption applications procedure 11.135
  - hearings 11.136
  - legal basis and background 11.132
  - notifications 11.133
- ship classification case 10.220–10.223
- undertakings 10.027–10.050
- see also consortia
Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) 25.104
Congress of Europe 3.010
consortia 14.001–14.098
- Article 101(3) of the TFEU 5.120
- block exemptions 5.098, 5.104
  - adoption 14.039–14.042
  - current regime 14.043–14.048
  - enabling regulations 14.049–14.058
  - need for 14.036–14.038
  - Regulation 83/2000 5.134
  - Regulation 611/2005 5.146
  - Regulation 906/2009 14.059–14.097
  - Regulation 4056/86 14.025–14.028
- commercial view 14.029–14.032
- Commission communication of 1990 on 14.033–14.035
- comparison with liner conferences 9.006–9.014
- and information exchange 12.133–12.142
- juridical nature 14.023–14.028
- merger control 14.024
containers 5.035
- ratification of CSC 46.003
Council of Europe 3.010–3.012, 3.043–3.049
- Committee of Permanent Representatives 3.046–3.047
- composition 3.044
- functions 3.045
- General Secretariat 3.048
- operation and voting 3.046
- and shipping 3.049
Court of Auditors 3.086
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 3.060–3.085
- functions 3.061
- jurisdiction 3.076–3.085
- operation 3.068, 3.072
- personnel 3.062–3.067
- procedure 3.073, 3.075
Croatia
- recognition of Croatian register of shipping 29.156
- shipping analysis 2.036–2.037
- State aid, Uljanik shipyard 22.116
cross-border litigation
- Brussels I Regulation 47.001, 47.093
  - consumer contracts 47.026–47.028
  - employment contracts 47.029–47.032
  - insurance 47.020–47.025
  - jurisdiction 47.011–47.052
    - examination as to admissibility and 47.039–47.040
    - exclusive 47.033
    - prorogation of 47.034–47.038
    - special rules 47.017–47.018
  - limitations actions 47.019
  - lis pendens (or related articles) 47.041–47.048
  - recognition and enforcement of judgments 47.053–47.088
  - relationship with specialised conventions 47.089–47.092
  - scope and application 47.007–47.010
  - third State proceedings 47.049–47.052
Customs Union 3.021
Cyprus, shipping analysis 2.038–2.039
Czech Republic, shipping analysis 2.040–2.041

definitions
- carriage of goods and passengers 46.053
- domestic voyage 33.014
- high-speed craft 33.014
- marine equipment 37.010–37.031
- maritime transport services 7.073
- passenger ship 33.014
- passenger submersible craft 33.014
- ro-ro ferry 33.014, 34.013
- serious disturbances in the market 7.100
- Page 1825
  
  ship flying the flag of a Member State 28.125
- Union industry 22.069
Denmark
- cabotage and 7.062
- ports 2.043
- ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences 9.074
- shipping analysis 2.042–2.044
Det Norske Veritas, recognition of 29.155
direct applicability doctrine 3.113–3.121
Directorate-General Competition (DG COMP) 3.041
Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) 3.040
Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG-MOVE) 3.039
discrimination see non-discrimination principle
dominant position
- abuse of see under abuse
- concept 10.124–10.125
- determining 10.126–10.142
dumping
- Regulation 4057/86 17.001–17.053
  - appeals 17.052
  - application 17.010
  - CJEU’s role 17.022
  - commercial background 17.006
  - Commission’s role 17.020
  - “Community interest” 17.018
  - complaints 17.023–17.029
  - consultation 17.030
  - Council of Ministers’ role 17.021
  - entry into force 17.008
  - “injury to Community ship operators” 17.017
  - investigation 17.031–17.032
  - legal basis 17.005
  - legal history 17.007
  - non-commercial advantage 17.013–17.015
  - practice to date 17.053
  - purpose 17.001, 17.009
  - redressive duties 17.043–17.051
  - “serious disruption of a freight pattern” 17.016
  - third country shipowner 17.019
  - undertakings 17.040–17.042
  - unfair pricing practice 17.012

Eastern Europe 3.027
economic and monetary union (EMU) 3.029
Economic and Social Committee (EESC) 3.088
employment 8.001–8.362
- Albert Anker case 8.216–8.226
- Bakker case 8.306–8.317
- employees and the performance of public duties 8.196–8.226
- in EU shipping 1.020–1.021, 2.005–2.006, 2.023
- Fiamingo case 8.293–8.305
- free movement of workers 8.008–8.012
- hours of work on board ship 8.059–8.073
- Iraklis Haralambidis v Calogero Casilli case 8.318–8.331
- Jan Voogsgeerd v Navimer SA case 8.332–8.342
- Maritime Labour Convention
  - amendment directive 8.359–8.362
  - complaint handling procedures for seafarers 28.078–28.081
  - compliance and enforcement directive 8.352–8.358
  - implementation directive 8.259–8.269
  - ratification decision 8.074, 8.080
- Raad van bestuur van de Sociale verzekeringsbank v Wieland and Rothwangl case 8.343–8.351
- ratification of standards 8.255, 8.258
- seafarers
  - international legal provisions 8.013
  - minimum training levels 8.091–8.195, 8.292
  - mutual recognition of certificates 8.081–8.090
  - remaining in a member state 8.244–8.254
  - rights of 8.016–8.037
  - working time 8.038–8.058
- sources of EU law 8.014–8.015
- see also seafarers
Enhanced Survey Programme Code, adoption of amendments to 26.021, 26.040–26.042, 26.043
establishment 6.001–6.182
- case law 6.096–6.117
- concept of the right of 6.002
- freedom of
  - exceptions 6.012–6.017
  - general rule 6.003–6.005
  - and registration of ships 6.009
- implementation of Treaty provisions 6.007–6.008
- mutual recognition of qualifications 6.010–6.011
- prohibition of new restrictions 6.006
Establishment of European Maritime Law Organisation (EMLO) 5.101
Estonia, shipping analysis 2.045–2.046
Euratom see European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC)
Page 1826

European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) 1.005, 3.003–3.005, 3.017, 3.092
European Central Bank (ECB) 3.086
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 3.003–3.004, 3.015
European Commission 3.034–3.042
- composition 3.035
- functions 3.036
- operation 3.037–3.042
European Council 3.043, 3.050
- composition 3.050
European Defence Community 3.016
European Economic Community (EEC) 3.017
- enlargement 5.011–5.012
European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 3.018
European Investment Bank 3.089
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) 5.143
- administrative board 27.012–27.015
- ancillary tasks 27.052–27.066
- assistance of the Commission 27.054–27.060
- assistance of the Commission and the Member States 27.061, 27.064
- budget 27.024
- chairmanship arrangements 27.016
- core tasks 27.031–27.051
- establishment background 27.003–27.005
- European cooperation on coast guard functions 27.065–27.066
- Executive Director 27.018–27.019
- functions 27.025–27.030
- languages 27.023
- legal regime 27.006
- legal status and standing 27.008–27.010
- liability 27.022
- location 27.007
- privileges 27.021
- protection of information 27.071–27.073
- re-evaluation by the EU 27.074–27.075
- relations with Member States 27.067–27.070
- relations with non-Member States 27.071
- staff 27.020
- structure and governance 27.011–27.019
- voting rules 27.017
European Monetary System 3.023
European Parliament 3.051–3.059
- composition and operation 3.056
- direct elections 3.024
- elections 3.055
- functions 3.057
- members 3.053–3.054
- seat 3.052
- and shipping 3.058
European Union (EU) 1.002–1.015
- accessions 3.022, 3.027
- contrast with IMO 49.054
- contrast with USA 49.053
- criticisms 49.062
- evolution 1.003–1.007
- future of 1.014–1.015
- history 3.007–3.030
- institutional structure 3.032–3.090
- internal market 1.010, 1.012
- law 3.001–3.122
- maritime policy 1.044–1.045
- Member States’ attitudes and policies toward shipping 49.071–49.074
- objectives and competences 3.007
- outlook 3.031
- place of in world shipping 49.009
- population 1.009
- resistance to legislation 49.066
- responses to protectionism 49.070
- role in international maritime affairs 49.064
- role of in shipping matters 49.026
- role of shipping 49.069
- shipping in 1.015–1.043, 2.015–2.026
  - arguments for and against the EU’s role 1.036–1.040
  - commercial background/overview 1.077–2.142
  - commercial philosophy 2.013, 2.015
  - commercial significance 2.003–2.013
  - competition dimension 1.028–1.029
  - contribution to the EU 2.028–2.029
  - cruise industry 2.007
  - employment 1.020–1.021, 2.005–2.006, 2.023
  - environmental dimension 1.027
  - EU controlled fleet 2.021–2.023
  - existence of a comprehensive EU policy 1.040–1.041
  - flagging 2.016
  - foreign currency earnings 1.021–1.022
  - influences on EU shipping law 1.041–1.042
  - internal balances 1.023–1.024
  - international dimension 1.029
  - international organisations context 1.042
  - investment 2.008
  - Member States 2.029–2.141
  - multidimensional nature 1.024, 1.026
  - passengers 2.009, 2.017, 2.027
  - policy development 1.035
  - policy influences 1.030–1.035
  - ports 2.010, 2.026
  - protectionism 1.023
  - role in the EU’s trading activities 1.018–1.020
  - Page 1827
    
    safety dimension 1.026–1.027
  - short sea shipping 2.011–2.012
  - strategic significance 1.016–1.018
  - tonnage 2.022
- taxation policy 49.058
- transport 1.012, 1.014
- uneven distribution of marine resources 49.027
- use of technology 49.057
- world’s largest trading bloc 1.007, 1.009
EUROS register 6.152–6.182, 7.081
external relations 25.001–25.107
- CETA 25.104–25.107
- EU-Africa Strategy 25.103
- international merchant shipping, counter-measures 25.057–25.061
- maritime transport
  - between Italy and Algeria 25.062
  - Brazil agreements 25.082–25.091, 25.092–25.102
  - China agreement 25.076–25.081
  - cooperation agreement with Cambodia 25.063–25.075
- Treaty on European Union 25.005–25.035
- Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 25.036–25.056

Factortame litigation 6.098
- Factortame I 6.105
- Factortame II 6.109
- Factortame III 6.117
Finland, shipping analysis 2.047–2.048
Finnsailor, fire extinguishing system compliance decision 34.098–34.100
Fire Safety Systems Code, adoption of amendments to 26.021
fishing vessels 5.039
flag State responsibilities compliance/enforcement of Maritime Labour Convention 36.012–36.031
- maritime environment, Directive 2009/21 19.252–19.261
- obligations on Member States 29.097
flagging, the concept 2.016
flags of convenience, EESC opinion 5.034
France
- cabotage and 7.052
- ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences 9.077
- shipbuilding finance guarantee scheme 22.107
- shipping analysis 2.049–2.055
freedom to supply services principle 7.001–7.308
- Regulation 4055/86 7.007, 7.117–7.308
  - Agip Petroli SpA case 7.239–7.246
  - Alpina River Cruises GmbH/Nicko Tours GmbH case 7.252–7.257
  - Analir case 7.178–7.189
  - assessment 7.039
  - basic provisions 7.022–7.028
  - cargo-sharing arrangements 7.030–7.034
  - Cenargo case 7.165
  - commercial background 7.015
  - Commission v Belgium 7.297–7.300
  - Commission v Belgium and Luxembourg 7.301, 7.304–7.307
  - Commission v Council (Italo-Algerian Maritime Transport) 7.145–7.156
  - Commission v Finland 7.251
  - Commission v France 7.278–7.282
  - Commission v France (passenger levy case) 7.160–7.164
  - Commission v Greece 7.200–7.208
  - Commission v Greece (harbour dues) 7.227–7.231
  - Commission v Greece (towage) 7.215–7.226
  - Commission v Italy (disembarkation of passengers) 7.189–7.192
  - Commission v Malta 7.283–7.288
  - Commission v Portugal 7.302, 7.303
  - Commission v Spain 7.209–7.214, 7.246
  - Corsica Ferries cases 7.118–7.123, 7.157–7.159, 7.166–7.179
  - effect 7.016–7.019
  - Enosi Efopliston case 7.246–7.250
  - entry into force 7.020
  - Fonnship A/S case 7.258–7.270
  - Haahr Petroleum Ltd v Åbenrå Havn and others case 7.138–7.144
  - implementation 7.021
  - Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst Douane, district Rotterdam v Sea-Land Service Inc. and Nedlloyd Lijnen BV 7.193–7.199
  - Navtiliaki Etairia Thasou AE case 7.271–7.277
  - non-discrimination on basis of nationality 7.035–7.036
  - Peralta case 7.124–7.137
  - Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri v Regione Sardegna 7.289–7.296
  - purpose 7.008–7.014
  - review 7.038
  - temporary establishment 7.037
  - timetable 7.029
  - Viking Line judgment 7.230–7.238
- see also cabotage

Page 1828

Geneva Convention on the High Seas 1958 6.027–6.030
Germany
- cabotage and 7.053
- ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences 9.073
- shipping analysis 2.056–2.062
- State aid
  - Commission Decision 92/569 22.101–22.105
  - Peene-Werft shipyard 22.111
  - Rolandwerft shipyard 22.109
  - Volkswerft Stralsund shipyard 22.108, 22.114
Global Navigation System, resolution 5.119
Greece
- accession 5.044
- cabotage and 7.054
- publication of the list of passenger ships notified, Decision 1999/461 46.174–46.175
- shipping analysis 2.063–2.072

hazardous materials
- on board ships, Directive 2002/59 39.064
- carriage of, HNS Convention 21.001–21.012
- recycling of ships
  - Decision 2016/2325 24.099
  - Regulation 1013/2006 24.019, 24.053–24.054, 24.098
hazardous ships, monitoring and intervention in accidents/incidents, Directive 2002/59 39.065–39.074
historical development of EU shipping law 4.078–5.179
- 1950s foundation treaties 5.002–5.003
- 1960s 5.004–5.009
- 1970s 5.010–5.036
- 1980s 5.037–5.095
- 1990s 5.096–5.132
- 2000s 5.133–5.162
- 2010s 5.163–5.178
- Common Maritime Policy 5.058–5.068
Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships 24.004–24.006
Hungary, shipping analysis 2.072

information exchange
- balancing with competition law 12.105–12.113
- consortia and 12.133–12.142
- definition of 12.084–12.087
- examples of as an issue 12.092–12.096
- the law on 12.088–12.089
- ports 13.081, 13.085
- Regulation 1419/2006 and 12.083–12.142
- rules on 12.114–12.132
- topicality 12.090–12.091
- types of 12.097–12.104
inspection and survey organisations 29.001–29.157
- Decision 2005/311, extension of limited recognition of RINAVE 29.101–29.105
- Decision 2013/765, recognition of Det Norske Veritas 29.155
- Decision 2014/281, recognition of Croatian register of shipping 29.156
- Directive 2009/15 28.122–28.135, 29.072–29.100
  - amendments to the regime 29.093–29.094
  - appropriate enforcement 28.126
  - assistance by COSS 29.092
  - authorisation requirements 28.127
  - competence of organisations 28.132
  - definitions 28.125, 29.083
  - enforcement 29.084–29.087
  - entry into force 29.099
  - objective 29.082
  - obligations of Member States 28.134
  - relating to flag bearing vessels 29.097
  - purpose 28.124
  - repeal 29.100
  - reporting requirements 28.133
  - Commission 29.098
  - Member States 29.096
  - role of COSS 28.129–28.130
  - supervision of recognised organisations 29.095
  - suspension or revocation of an authorisation 28.131
  - vigilance 28.135
  - working relationships 28.128, 29.088–29.091
- Regulation 391/2009 29.003–29.071
  - amendment provisions 29.064
  - assessment requirements 29.045–29.048
  - authorisation/recognition requests 29.038
  - Commission responsibilities on informing Parliament and Council 29.070–29.071
  - concepts 29.028–29.038
  - consultation requirements 29.050–29.055
  - COSS assistance 29.063
  - criteria adoption and publication 29.065–29.067
  - failure to comply with minimum criteria 29.041
  - fines and penalties for breach 29.042
  - granting authorisation/recognition 29.039
  - Page 1829
    
    independent quality assessment/certification requirements 29.056–29.062
  - objectives 29.026–29.027
  - provision of access to information 29.049
  - retention of recognition 29.068
  - verification of recognition holder 29.069
  - withdrawal of recognition 29.043–29.044
- Regulation 428/2010, expanded inspections of ships 29.157
- Regulation 788/2014 29.106–29.148
  - co-operation with national competent authorities 29.147–29.148
  - fines and periodic penalties 29.125–29.145
  - general provisions 29.122–29.124
  - time limits 29.146
- Regulation 2015/668, amending recognition of certain organisations 29.149–29.154
- see also inspection of ships
inspection of ships
- Commission v France, too few inspections judgment 28.159–28.160
- Directive 96/40, identity card for inspectors 28.152–28.155
- Directive 2009/16
  - access refusal measures 28.071–28.074
  - complaints 28.077
  - compliance with the inspection commitment 28.055
  - co-operation and information exchange 28.105
  - elements of the Community port State inspection system 28.121
  - expanded inspection 28.067
  - follow-up to inspections and detentions 28.094–28.095
  - initial/more detailed inspection 28.066
  - inspection database 28.104
  - inspection frequency 28.064
  - inspection powers 28.053
  - inspection share balancing modalities 28.056–28.060
  - inspection system and annual inspection commitment 28.054
  - inspectors’ professional profile 28.096–28.102
  - notification of arrival of ships 28.061
  - pilots and port authorities reports 28.103
  - publication of information 28.106–28.107
  - rectification and detention 28.082–28.092
  - reimbursement of costs 28.108
  - report of inspection to the master 28.075–28.076
  - right of appeal 28.093
  - safety and security guidelines and procedures 28.068–28.070
  - seafarer complaint handling procedures 28.078–28.081
  - selection of ships for inspection 28.065
  - ship risk profile 28.062–28.063
- Regulation 428/2010 28.149–28.151
insurance
- and Brussels I Regulation 47.020–47.025
- of shipowners for maritime claims, Directive 2009/20 46.181–46.190
integration, European 3.008
intermodal freight transport, resolution 5.135–5.136
internal market 1.010, 1.012
- establishment 3.028
- White Paper 3.025, 3.028
International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels 5.039
International Convention of Safe Containers 5.035
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), adoption of amendments to 26.021
International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships (AFS-Convention) 20.002 see also organotin
International Labour Organization 49.019
International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (ISM Code)
- Regulation 336/2006 33.001–33.027
- amendments 33.024
  - annexes 33.027
  - background 33.008, 33.013
  - certification
    - requirements 33.019
    - validity/acceptance/recognition of certificates 33.021
  - committee procedure 33.025
  - compliance 33.017
  - definitions 33.014
  - derogation 33.020
  - objective 33.013
  - penalties 33.022
  - Regulation 336/2006 33.003–33.027
  - repeal 33.026
  - reporting requirements 33.023
  - safety management requirements 33.018
  - scope 33.015–33.016
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 1.040, 5.028, 19.003, 19.012, 25.003, 26.021, 39.002, 42.005, 49.019, 49.054, 49.076
Page 1830

international merchant shipping, counter-measures, Decision 83/573 25.057–25.061
investigation of accidents
- Directive 2009/18 30.008–30.058
  - accident reports 30.047–30.048
  - amendments to the regime 30.055
  - common methodology for investigating marine casualties and incidents 30.057
  - confidentiality 30.040
  - co-operation with third countries 30.045
  - costs 30.041
  - database for marine casualties 30.052–30.053
  - investigation obligations 30.027–30.031
  - investigative bodies 30.034–30.039
  - leading/participation in investigations 30.033
  - Member State law provision 30.016–30.018
  - notification obligations 30.032
  - observations 30.056
  - permanent co-operation framework 30.043–30.044
  - preservation of evidence 30.046
  - purpose 30.019–30.022
  - review process 30.042
  - role of COSS 30.054
  - safety recommendations 30.049–30.051
  - scope 30.023–30.024
  - status of safety investigations 30.025–30.026
- investigation of maritime casualties 30.002
- national/international legal dimension 30.003–30.007
investment, in EU shipping 2.008
Ireland
- cabotage and 7.060
- shipping analysis 2.074–2.079
Italy
- maritime transport between Algeria and 25.062
- shipping analysis 2.080–2.085
- State aid, oil and chemical tankers breakup scheme 22.110

Kinnock Report 5.129

Latvia, shipping analysis 2.086–2.088
law
- application and development limits 49.012–49.013, 49.025
- and climate change 49.065
- direct applicability doctrine 3.113–3.121
- fundamental principles of EU law 3.117, 3.121
- future expectations 49.076
- historical development of EU shipping law 4.078–5.179
- institutional dimension to evolution of 49.075
- interpretation of EU law 3.116
- Member States acting in their own self-interest 49.05
- modal isolation 49.028
- need for an informed approach 49.029
- need for integrated and co-ordinated approach 49.055
- new areas 49.056
- openness 49.030
- policy and 49.014–49.022
- primary law 3.092–3.100
- pro-active enactment 49.067
- reactionary nature of measures 49.024
- recent origins 49.011
- recurring themes 49.031
- relationship between EU law and national laws 3.115
- resistance to EU legislation 49.066
- role of Member States, institutions and
- industry 49.068
- secondary legislation 3.101–3.112
- self-regulation and 49.023
- sources of EU law 3.091–3.112
Life Saving Appliances Code, adoption of amendments to 26.043
liner conferences 9.001–9.077
- block exemption 11.059–11.081
- comparison with consortia 9.005–9.006, 9.014
- definitions 9.002, 9.004, 11.043
- see also United Nations, Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences
Lithuania, shipping analysis 2.089–2.093
low sulphur fuels 19.101–19.111
Luxembourg
- cabotage and 7.063
- shipping analysis 2.094–2.095

Maastricht Treaty 25.005–25.035
Malta, shipping analysis 2.096–2.097
marine equipment 37.001–37.104
- authorisation of systems for mobile communication services on board vessels 37.103–37.104
- compliant products presenting a risk 37.081–37.084
- conformity
  - assessment and notification procedures 37.057–37.058
  - changes to notifications 37.064
  - Page 1831
    
    EU declaration of 37.059
  - notified bodies 37.060
  - notifying authorities 37.061
  - obligations on 37.062
- conformity assessment procedures 37.057–37.058
- conformity declaration 37.059
- dealing with equipment presenting a risk 37.070–37.075
- design, construction and performance requirements and testing standards 37.099–37.102
- Directive 2014/90
  - amendments 37.094
  - application 37.034
  - background 37.004–37.008
  - COSS obligations 37.096
  - definitions 37.010–37.031
  - delegation of power 37.095
  - exemptions
    - based on technical innovation 37.086–37.087
    - in exceptional circumstances 37.089
    - for testing/evaluation 37.088
  - final provisions 37.090–37.093
  - non-compliance 37.085
  - objective 37.009
  - repeal 37.098
  - scope 37.032
  - transposition 37.097
- electronic tag 37.043–37.046
- EU market surveillance framework 37.069
- EU safeguard procedure 37.076–37.080
- functioning of the internal market 37.035
- notified bodies
  - challenges to competence of 37.064
  - information obligations 37.067
  - operational obligations 37.066
  - subsidiaries and subcontractors 37.063
- obligations of economic operators 37.047–37.056
- requirements for 37.033
- standards for 37.037–37.038
- transfer of a ship to the flag of a Member State 37.036
- union market surveillance, control of products, safeguard provisions 37.068
- wheel mark 37.039, 37.041
  - affixing rules and conditions 37.042
marine resources, uneven distribution of in the EU 49.027
maritime environment 18.037–19.326
- carbon dioxide emissions 19.205–19.251
- challenges for the EU 19.008
- costs of compliance with environmental standards 19.011
- EU environmental law and policy 19.014–19.023
  - aims 19.015
  - available measures 19.016–19.023
  - decisions 19.020
  - directives 19.019
  - international legislation and 19.024
  - issues covered 19.025
  - recommendations and opinions 19.021
  - regulations 19.018
  - strategy statements 19.022
  - Treaty provisions 19.017
  - White Papers 19.023
- flag State requirements, Directive 2009/21 19.252–19.261
- general measures 19.026
- HNS Convention 21.001–21.012
- institutional dimension 19.013
- International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 19.012
- low sulphur fuels 19.101–19.111
- organotin 20.001–20.029
- penalties for environmental law breaches 19.263–19.326
- port charges and environmentally friendly/sustainable transport 19.262
- port facilities 19.058–19.100
- regional arrangements 19.112
  - Mediterranean 19.113–19.155
  - North Sea and other areas 19.156–19.181
  - North-East Atlantic 19.182–19.204
- shipping sector, environmental cleanliness 19.009–19.010
- see also pollution
Maritime Industries Forum (MIF) 5.102
Maritime Labour Convention 36.001–36.041
- adoption 36.002
- complaint handling procedures for seafarers 28.078–28.081
- Decision 2007/431 36.003–36.011
- Decision 2014/346 36.032–36.041
- flag State responsibilities
  - Directive 2013/54 36.012–36.031
    - compliance monitoring 36.027–36.028
    - definitions 36.026
    - on-board complaint procedures 36.029
    - reports 36.030
    - subject matter 36.025
    - transposition 36.031
maritime policy 1.044–1.045
maritime services, Commission’s guidelines 12.056–12.069
Page 1832

maritime transport
- between Italy and Algeria, Decision 87/475 25.062
- Brazil agreements 25.082–25.091, 25.092–25.102
- China agreement, Decision 2009/825 25.076–25.081
- commercial significance 2.004, 2.006
- cooperation agreement with Cambodia 25.063–25.075
- services, defined 7.073
- State aid 15.030, 15.032
market access
- Regulation 4058/86 17.053–18.037
  - action by member states in default of council action 18.019, 18.022
  - application 18.004
  - background 18.006
  - concepts 18.010
  - consultation 18.023
  - co-ordinated action 18.015–18.017
    - request by Member State 18.012–18.014
  - entry into force 18.009
  - history 18.026–18.036
  - legal basis 18.005
  - legislative history 18.008
  - OECD Member States 18.024–18.025
  - procedure 18.018–18.019
  - triggering event 18.011
MARPOL Annex VI, adoption of amendments to 26.021
Marshall Aid 3.009
medical treatment on board vessels 5.105, 32.001–32.022
- Directive 92/29
  - allocation of responsibilities 32.014
  - background 32.003–32.004
  - basic concepts 32.006–32.011
  - committee procedure 32.020
  - conclusion 32.022
  - entry into force 32.021
  - inspection 32.019
  - legal basis 32.005
  - obligation to carry antidotes on board 32.013
  - obligation to have medical supplies on board 32.012
  - radio consultation centres 32.018
merger control 16.001–16.180
- concentrations
  - ancillary restrictions 16.051
  - assessment by the Commission 16.037–16.042
  - the concept 16.011, 16.022
  - market definition 16.044
  - notification 16.030–16.036
  - remedies 16.043
  - role of Member States 16.045–16.050
  - union dimension 16.023–16.029
- minority stakes 16.052
- role of the CJEU 16.053
- shipbuilding sector 16.163–16.179
  - Aker Maritime/Kvaerner (Withdrawn) 16.167
  - Aker Yards ASA/Chartiers de l’Atlantique 16.169–16.170
  - Aker Yards/STX 16.177–16.178
  - BAE Systems/VT/JV 16.174–16.175
  - Bain Capital/Bavaria Yachtbau 16.173–16.174
  - Blohm+Voss/Lisnave 16.165
  - Candover/Ferretti 16.171–16.172
  - Carlyle/Zodiac Marine 16.176
  - Preussag/Babcock/Celsius 16.166
  - Rabobank/IHC 16.167–16.168
  - Thales/DCN 16.173
  - Thyssemkrupp/EADS/Atlas 16.170–16.171
  - ThyssenKrupp AG/Hellenic Shipyards 16.169
  - UPM-Kymmene/STORA ENSO/Metsallito/JV 16.164
- shipping sector 16.054–16.162
  - Allianz/3i/Scandlines 16.138
  - APMM/Broström 16.098–16.109
  - APMM/Swift Tankers Pool 16.097
  - Arcelormittal/Atic Services 16.150
  - BPH/Euroports Holding 16.146–16.147
  - China Shipbuilding/Wärtsilä/MHI 16.140–16.141
  - CK Hutchison/TMA Holding/TMA Logistics 16.160
  - CMA CGM/Bolloré/Kribi JV 16.156–16.157
  - CMA CGM/Delmas 16.134
  - CMA CGM/NOL 16.158
  - Costa Crociere/Royal Caribbean/Marinvest/RCT 16.131
  - CSAV/HGV/Kühne Maritime/Hapag-Lloyd AG 16.153
  - DFO/Scandlines 16.056, 16.057–16.065
  - Douala International Terminal JV acquisition 16.148
  - DP World/Conti 7/Rickmers/DP World Breakbulk 16.095
  - DPWL/ZIM/Contarsa 16.096
  - Eurogate/AP Moller-Maersk Joint Venture 16.143, 16.145
  - FSI/MERIT/YILDIRIM/CMA CGM 16.152
  - GE Capital/GE SeaCo 16.065–16.075
  - Page 1833
    
    HBG/Ballast Nedam/Baggeren JV 16.088–16.089
  - Hutchison/Evergreen 16.110
  - Maersk Product Tankers A/S acquisition 16.162
  - Maersk/PONL 16.113–16.121
  - Maersk/Safmarine 16.075–16.086
  - Maersk/Sea-Land 16.087–16.088
  - Nordic Capital/Unicorn 16.153
  - NYK Reefers/Lauritzen 16.111–16.113
  - ODPR acquisition 16.154
  - PD/GETF 16.142
  - PSA/IPH 16.140
  - PSA/TIL/PPIT 16.161
  - Royal Caribbean Holdings de España acquisition 16.159
  - RREEF/Peel Port Holdings/Peel Ports 16.137
  - Société d’exploitation du Terminal de Vridi acquisition 16.149
  - Svitzer/Wilhelmsen Offshore/JV 16.133, 16.135
  - Teekay/Marubeni/Maersk LNG 16.151
  - Triton/KKR/EM 16.156
  - TUI/CP Ships 16.122–16.131
  - Van Oord/BHD/Bagger Holding JV 16.093–16.094
  - Veolia – BCP/SNCM 16.135–16.136
  - Vopak/Van der Sluijs 16.089–16.090
  - Wallenius Lines/Wilhelmsen/Hyundai 16.091–16.092
  - WWL/EUKOR/ARMACUP/AGENCIE 16.139
Merger Treaty 3.020
mobile communication services on board vessels
- authorisation of systems 37.103–37.104
- Recommendation 2010/167 39.028–39.040
mobility equipment, compensation for loss or damage 46.042

navigation 39.001–39.081
- digital maritime system and services governance, Decision 2016/566 39.076–39.081
- excise duties on mineral oils, Jan De Nul NV v Hauptzollamt Oldenburg 39.041–39.048
- marine radio communication equipment Decision 2004/71 39.010–39.014
  - background 39.012
  - effect of the decision 39.014
  - legal basis 39.011
  - scope 39.013
maritime transport between Italy and Algeria, Decision 87/475 39.049–39.050
- mobile communication services on-board vessels, Recommendation 2010/167 39.028–39.040
- radionavigation systems Decision 92/143 39.004–39.009
  - background 39.006
  - legal basis 39.005
  - operative provisions 39.007–39.009
- traffic monitoring and information system Directive 2002/59 39.051–39.075
  - accompanying measures 39.075
  - automatic identification systems 39.058–39.059
  - definitions 39.055
  - infrastructure provision 39.062
  - monitoring
    - compliance 39.061
    - hazardous ships and intervention in accidents/incidents 39.065–39.074
    - requirements 39.057
  - notification of hazardous materials on board ships 39.064
  - notification prior to entry into port 39.056
  - purpose 39.053
  - scope 39.054
  - ships’ routing systems 39.060
  - voyage data recorder systems 39.063
Netherlands, shipping analysis 2.098–2.103
non-discrimination principle, discrimination on the basis of nationality 7.035–7.036, 40.020, 49.061
- implications of Brexit for 48.035
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 3.013

oil, pollution 5.043
oil crisis 5.015
oil tankers, disaster response 5.027
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 3.009, 6.023
- and Regulation 954/79 9.066
- and shipbuilding 22.025–22.031
Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) 3.008–3.009
organotin 20.001–20.029
- Regulation 536/2008 20.021–20.029
- Regulation 782/2003 20.005–20.020
  - adaptations 20.017
  - annexes 20.019
  - Committee 20.018
  - definitions and concepts 20.011
  - evaluation 20.020
  - legal basis 20.006
  - legislative history 20.007–20.009
  - Page 1834
    
    port State control 20.016
  - prohibition of application on ships 20.013
  - prohibition on bearing 20.014
  - purpose 20.010
  - scope 20.012
  - survey and certification 20.015

Paris Memorandum of Understanding 28.136–28.142, 28.143–28.148
passenger ferries and roll-on/roll-off (“ro-ro”) vessels 34.001–34.116
- common rules on safety amendment proposals 34.101–34.105
- Council Resolutions on improving safety 34.007–34.009
- Decision 2003/587 34.098–34.100
- Decision 2013/95 34.106–34.116
- Directive 1999/35 34.010–34.039
  - accompanying measures 34.030–34.031
  - amendment procedure 34.035
  - amendments, proposed 34.039
  - application 34.037
  - assessment of application 34.038
  - Committee procedure 34.034
  - concepts 34.013
  - co-operation between host States 34.032
  - notification requirements 34.021
  - penalties for breach 34.036
  - prevention of operation 34.022–34.025
  - purpose 34.012
  - scope 34.014
  - special provisions 34.018
  - supporting measures 34.033
  - survey procedures 34.026–34.029
  - survey requirements 34.017–34.020
  - verification requirements 34.015–34.016
- Directive 2003/25 34.040–34.055
  - adaptations and committee procedure 34.052–34.053
  - certification of vessels 34.050
  - concepts 34.044
  - implementation 34.055
  - penalties 34.054
  - purpose 34.043
  - scope 34.045
  - sea areas 34.047
  - short term or seasonal services 34.051
  - significant wave heights 34.046
  - stability requirements 34.048–34.049
- Directive 2009/45 34.056–34.097
  - adaptations 34.083–34.086
  - additional safety requirements, equivalents, exemptions and safeguard measures 34.078–34.082
  - application 34.068
  - certificates 34.092–34.094
  - classes of passenger ships 34.065–34.067
  - COSS Committee involvement 34.087
  - definitions 34.062
  - notification requirements 34.097
  - penalties 34.096
  - purpose 34.061
  - reduced mobility, safety requirements for persons with 34.074–34.077
  - safety requirements 34.069–34.072
  - scope 34.063–34.064
  - SOLAS Convention regulations 34.094
  - stability requirements 34.073
  - surveys 34.088–34.091
- incidents involving 34.004
passengers
- levies on
  - Commission v France 7.160–7.164
  - Commission v Italy 7.189–7.192
- liability of carriers in case of accident 46.025–46.048
  - Regulation 392/209
    - adoption 46.038
    - advance payments to survivors 46.044
    - amendments 46.047
    - compensation in respect of mobility equipment 46.042
    - global limitation of liability 46.043
    - information obligations 46.045
    - liability regime and insurance 46.041
    - purpose and subject matter 46.039
    - reporting requirements 46.046
    - role of COSS 46.048
    - scope 46.040
passenger rights 46.072–46.125
- Regulation 117/2010
  - adoption of the regulation 46.073–46.077
  - assistance in the event of cancelled/delayed departure 46.108–46.117
  - disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility 46.078, 46.094–46.102
  - enforcement 46.120–46.124
  - exclusion of waiver 46.093
  - general provisions 46.086–46.090
  - information and complaints 46.118–46.120
  - information in the event of cancelled/delayed departure 46.104–46.107
  - information regarding delays/cancellations and compensation 46.079–46.085
  - Page 1835
    
    obligations of carriers/terminal operators 46.103–46.117
  - other performing parties 46.092
  - protection of maritime passengers 46.072
  - reporting requirements 46.125
  - tickets and non-discriminatory contract conditions 46.091
- registration of passengers 46.005–46.024
  - Directive 98/41 46.006–46.024
    - administration 46.023
    - communication of passenger numbers 46.013
    - counting of passengers 46.012
    - entry into force 46.008
    - functional criteria for registration systems 46.017
    - legal basis 46.009
    - limitation on passenger numbers 46.018
    - obligations on operating companies 46.019–46.020
    - penalties for breach 46.024
    - purpose 46.010
    - recorded information requirements 46.014–46.016
    - scope and application 46.011
    - ships outside the EU 46.021
    - and the SOLAS Convention 46.022
- transported by ship in the EU annually 2.009, 2.017, 2.027
pilotage 40.001–40.021
- Commission memorandum on shipping 40.019
- discrimination on the basis of nationality 7.035–7.036, 40.020
- exemption certificates 40.021
- of vessels in the North Sea
  - Directive 79/115 40.002–40.018
    - implementation 40.007
    - implementation opinions 40.008–40.018
    - legal basis 40.003
    - obligations 40.006, 40.004
    - purpose 40.005
piracy and armed robbery against ships 38.001–38.027
- appointment of EU Force Commander 38.024
- Operation Atlanta 38.023
- self protection and prevention
  - recommendations 38.008–38.015
  - assessment of the recommendation 38.015
  - best management practices 38.011–38.014
  - essence of the recommendation 38.010
  - judicial intervention 38.022
  - legal basis 38.009
- strategic framework for the Horn of Africa 38.016–38.021
Poland, shipping analysis 2.104–2.109
Polish Register of Shipping 5.160
pollution
- biocides in anti-fouling systems on ships see also (organotin), 20.001–20.029
- bunkers 19.027–19.038
- CO₂ emissions 19.205–19.251
  - Regulation 2015/757 19.206–19.245
    - compliance and publication of information 19.236, 19.240
    - delegation and implementation powers 19.242–19.245
    - determination of cargo carried 19.247–19.251
    - general provisions 19.207–19.222
    - international co-operation 19.241
    - monitoring and reporting 19.223–19.231
    - monitoring plans, emissions reports and documents of compliance 19.246
    - verification and accreditation 19.232–19.235
- Directive 93/75 5.111
- Intertanko litigation 19.304–19.326
  - admissibility of preliminary reference 19.316
  - consideration of questions referred to the CJEU 19.317–19.326
  - EU law 19.311–19.314
  - international law 19.307–19.310
  - questions referred to the CJEU 19.315
- land-based 19.049–19.057
- North Sea and other areas, Bonn Agreement 19.156–19.181
- North-East Atlantic 19.182–19.204
  - Decision 98/249 19.188–19.190
  - Decision 2010/655 19.191–19.194
  - OSPAR Convention 19.182–19.187
  - protection of Baltic Sea area 19.195–19.204
- oil pollution 19.039–19.048
- penalties for environmental law breaches 19.263–19.326
- port facilities 19.058–19.086
  - Directive 2000/59 19.059–19.086
    - amendment procedure 19.084
    - availability of adequate facilities 19.065, 19.067
    - Committee procedure 19.083
    - concepts 19.063
    - delivery of cargo residues 19.076
    - enforcement 19.077–19.081
    - Page 1836
      
      entry into force and implementation 19.085
    - evaluation 19.086–19.100
    - exemptions 19.075
    - legal basis and history 19.061
    - notification requirements 19.070
    - penalties for breaches 19.082
    - purpose 19.062
    - scope 19.064
    - ship-generated waste
      - delivery of 19.071
      - fees for 19.072–19.074
    - waste reception and handling 19.068–19.069
- protection of the Mediterranean Decision 77/585 19.114–19.115
  - Decision 83/101 19.116–19.119
  - Decision 2004/575 19.132, 19.136
  - Decision 2010/631 19.127–19.131
  - Decision 2013/5 19.120–19.126
  - Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and in Cases of Emergency 19.137–19.155
- ship-source pollution
  - Decision 2005/667
    - aiding, abetting or inciting a breach 19.270
    - background 19.265
    - criminal offences 19.268–19.269
    - definitions and territorial scope 19.266
    - implementation 19.267
    - jurisdiction 19.274
    - liability of legal persons 19.272
    - notification of commission of an offence 19.275
    - penalties 19.271
    - penalties against legal persons 19.273
  - Directive 2005/35
    - accompanying measures 19.294
    - amendment procedure 19.300
    - background 19.278
    - and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union 19.303
    - Committee procedure 19.298
    - compliance with international law 19.293
    - definitions 19.280
    - enforcement measures
      - ships in port 19.286
      - ships in transit 19.287
    - entry into force 19.302
    - exceptions 19.283
    - feasibility study 19.296
    - implementation 19.301
    - infringements 19.284–19.285
    - penalties 19.288–19.292
    - provision of information 19.299
    - purpose 19.279
    - reporting 19.297
    - scope 19.281–19.282
pollution control
- carriage of hazardous and noxious substances, HNS Convention 21.001–21.012
- role of the EU 49.065
- vessels carrying dangerous/polluting goods
  - Directive 93/75 46.168–46.170
  - Directive 96/127 46.176–46.177
  - Directive 96/710 46.171–46.173, 46.178–46.180
- see also International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (ISM Code); organotin
port services
- Regulation 2017/352 43.006–43.085
  - adoption 43.008
  - complaints procedure 43.077–43.080
  - consultation of port users/stakeholders 43.076
  - employee rights safeguards 43.058–43.062
  - entry into force 43.020–43.023
  - essence of the regulation 43.009–43.013
  - financial transparency/autonomy 43.063
  - general provisions 43.074–43.085
  - infrastructure charges 43.070–43.073
  - internal operator 43.057
  - market access framework 43.035–43.038
  - minimum requirements for service provision 43.042–43.048
  - nature of the regulation 43.018–43.019
  - number of service providers 43.050–43.055
  - organisation of port services 43.039–43.041
  - penalties for infringement 43.081
  - post-Brexit expectations 43.024
  - procedural aspects 43.049
  - public service obligations 43.056
  - purpose 43.014–43.017, 43.025
  - relevant authorities 43.082
  - review mechanism 43.083
  - service charges 43.066–43.069
  - staff training 43.075
  - subject matter and scope 43.026–43.034
  - transparency of financial relations 43.064–43.065
- see also port State control (PSC); ports
Page 1837

port State control (PSC) 5.121, 28.001–28.160
- background 28.003
- in the context of safety 28.001–28.160
- detention of vessels 31.083
- Directive 2009/15 28.122–28.135
- Directive 2009/16 28.004–28.121
  - background 28.013–28.029
  - committee 28.116
  - compliance and performance monitoring 28.109
  - concepts 28.030–28.052
  - delegated acts 28.111–28.115
  - entry into force 28.006
  - implementation and notification 28.120
  - implementation monitoring 28.109
  - implementing rules 28.117
  - legal basis and history 28.007
  - penalties 28.118
  - purpose 28.005
  - review 28.119
  - scope 28.008–28.012
- EMSA’s role 28.002
- flag State criteria, Regulation 801/2010 28.156–28.158
- position on the Paris Memorandum of Understanding
  - Decision 2015/873 28.136–28.142
  - Decision 2016/381 28.143–28.148
- procedures relating to minimum training levels 8.180–8.184, 31.081–31.082
- recycling of ships, Regulation 1013/2006 24.067
- seafarers, certification requirements 8.180–8.184, 31.081–31.082
- see also inspection and survey organisations; inspection of ships
ports 43.001–43.085
- access to services 13.029–13.080
  - Coe Clerici Logistics SpA v Commission case 13.077–13.080
  - Holyhead I case 13.047–<:13.050
  - Holyhead II case 13.051–13.076
  - Merci decision 13.032–13.046
- anti-competitive arrangements 13.024–13.025
- Commission “Ports Package” 5.139
- distortions of competition 5.038
- electricity for ships in ports 45.001–45.009
  - promotion of shore-side electricity 45.006–45.008
  - strategy to reduce atmospheric emissions 45.002
    - resolution 45.004–45.005
- in the EU 2.010, 2.026
- obtaining access to 13.024–13.028
- pollution control 5.041–5.042
- pricing
  - Color Line harbour agreement 13.092–13.093
  - general issues 13.089
  - port charges 13.088
  - Port of Kristiansand and Fjord Line 13.091
  - Rødby case 13.090
- reporting formalities for ships in EU ports 44.001–44.034
  - Directive 2002/6 44.005
  - Directive 2010/65 44.006–44.034
    - amendment procedure 44.026
    - assessment and conclusions 44.030–44.034
    - background 44.009–44.013
    - entry into force 44.008
    - harmonisation and coordination requirements 44.018
    - legal basis 44.007
    - notification of ships prior to arrival in port 44.019–44.025
    - report on the functioning of the directive 44.027–44.028
    - reporting requirements 44.029
    - subject matter and scope 44.014–44.017
- and State aid 13.096
- as undertakings 13.019–13.022, 15.097–15.099
- see also port services; port State control (PSC)
Portugal
- cabotage and 7.056
- shipping analysis 2.110–2.116
- State aid, ENVC shipyard operator 22.115–22.116
pricing
- in ports 13.086–13.093
- protection against injurious pricing of vessels 22.038–22.097
- unfair practices 17.012
prolongation 15.127
protectionism
- EU policy 1.023
- EU response 49.070
public duties, performance by employees 8.196–8.226

qualifications, mutual recognition 6.010–6.011

radionavigation systems 5.103
ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences
- Belgium 9.075
- Page 1838
  
  Denmark 9.074
- France 9.077
- Germany 9.073
- Regulation 954/79
  - Commission proposals 9.056–9.057
  - contents 9.063
  - decision-making procedures 9.067
  - existing conferences 9.064
  - existing Treaty 9.058, 9.060
  - repeal 9.070
  - reservations and interpretative reservations 9.068–9.069
- United Kingdom (UK) 9.076
recycling of ships
- Decision 2016/2325, hazardous materials inventory certificate 24.099
- EU level 24.007–24.010
- facilities 24.074–24.081
  - authorisation requirements 24.079
  - European List 24.081
  - third countries 24.079
- hazardous materials 24.019
  - control of 24.053
  - inventory 24.054, 24.098–24.099
- international level (Hong Kong Convention) 24.004–24.006
- Regulation 1013/2006
  - administrative provisions 24.082–24.086
  - avoiding duplication of measures 24.015–24.017
  - compliance 24.020
  - definitions 24.024–24.051
  - and Directive 2009/16 24.011–24.098
  - duration and validity of certificates 24.066
  - facilities 24.074–24.081
  - final provisions 24.092–24.098
  - general requirements for shipowners 24.055–24.056
  - hazardous materials 24.019
    - control of 24.053
    - inventory 24.054, 24.098–24.099
  - interpretation 24.018
  - issuance and endorsement of certificates 24.062–24.065
  - port State control 24.067
  - reporting and enforcement 24.087–24.091
  - requests for action 24.090–24.091
  - scope 24.023
  - ships 24.052–24.073
  - ships flying the flag of a third country 24.068–24.073
  - ship-specific recycling plan 24.057–24.060
  - subject-matter and purpose of the regulation 24.021
  - surveys 24.061
registration
- case law 6.096–6.117
- Commission v Netherlands litigation 6.141–6.151
- EUROS register 6.159
- freedom of establishment and 6.009
- international law 6.019–6.034
- registries
  - home 6.021
  - international 6.025
  - offshore 6.024
  - open 6.022
  - parallel 6.090
- transfers
  - Regulation 613/91 6.045–6.077
  - Regulation 789/2004 6.078–6.089
- Viking litigation 6.118–6.140
Registro Internacional Naval, SA, extension of limited recognition 29.101–29.105
Regulation 954/79, Commission proposal 9.056
roll-on/roll-off (“ro-ro”) vessels
- phasing out 34.073 see also passenger ferries and roll-on/roll-off (“ro-ro”) vessels
Romania, shipping analysis 2.117–2.118

safety 26.001–26.047
- Council Decision 2016/2077 26.021–26.026
- Council Recommendation 78/584, ratification of conventions on safety in shipping 26.008–26.009
- Decision 2014/280 26.043–26.046
- Decision 2014/826 26.040–26.042
- on EUROS-registered ships 6.167
- ferries and roll-on/roll-off (“ro-ro”) vessels 34.001–34.116
- investigation of maritime casualties 30.001, 30.058
- marine equipment 37.001–37.104
- Maritime Labour Convention 36.001–36.041
- port State control 28.001–28.160
- ratification of International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue 26.027
- Regulation 801/2010, flag State criteria 26.035–26.039
- Regulation 802/2010, company performance 26.028–26.034
- Regulation 2099/2002 26.011–26.020
- safe seas common policy resolution 5.109, 26.010
- working time of seafarers 35.001–35.023
- see also inspection of ships; International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (ISM Code); Maritime Labour Convention; passenger ferries and roll-on/roll-off (“ro-ro”) vessels; seafarers
Page 1839

Safety of Life At Sea (SOLAS), adoption of amendments to 26.021, 26.043
Schumann Declaration 3.013–3.014
seafarers
- employment rights
  - Directive 2015/1794
    - adoption 8.026
    - background 8.029–8.030
    - changes brought about 8.031–8.036
    - Commission reporting 8.037
    - entry into force 8.027
    - transposition 8.028
- hours of work on board ship
  - Directive 1999/95 8.059–8.073
    - administrative cooperation 8.072
    - application 8.063
    - background 8.059–8.061
    - Commission v Italy case 8.270–8.291
    - definitions 8.064
    - follow-up procedures 8.069–8.070
    - inspections 8.066
    - “no more favourable” treatment clause 8.073
    - purpose and scope 8.062
    - rectification of deficiencies 8.067–8.068
    - report preparation 8.065
    - right of appeal 8.071
- minimum levels of training, Directive 2008/106 31.001–31.092
- recognition of certificates
  - Directive 2005/45 8.081–8.090
    - definitions 8.085
    - operative provisions 8.087–8.090
    - prevention of fraud/unlawful practices 8.088
    - scope 8.084
- State aid and 15.125–15.127
- working time
  - Directive 1999/63 35.001–35.023
    - age limits 8.050
    - annex 35.007–35.023
    - application 8.047
    - background 35.003
    - definitions in 8.048
    - fitness for work 8.052–8.058
    - minimum requirements 35.005
    - provision of resources to ensure compliance 8.051
    - purpose 35.004
    - transposition 35.006
    - working hours 8.049
- see also training of seafarers
security 42.001–42.142
- enhancing port security
  - Directive 2005/65 42.056–42.103
    - adaptation 42.097
    - annexes 42.103
    - approval of officers 42.092
    - assessment requirements 42.082–42.083
    - committee procedure 42.098
    - confidentiality requirements 42.099
    - co-ordination of measures 42.078
    - definitions 42.072–42.077
    - designation of a competent authority 42.079–42.081
    - evaluation reports 42.102
    - focal point for port security 42.095
    - implementation 42.101
    - implementation and conformity checking 42.096
    - objective 42.070
    - penalties for infringement 42.100
    - plan requirements 42.084–42.088
    - recognised security organisations 42.094
    - review requirements 42.093
    - scope 42.071
    - security levels 42.089–42.091
- enhancing ship and port facility security
  - Regulation 725/2004 42.009–42.055
    - alternative/equivalent security agreements 42.037–42.042
    - committee procedure 42.050
    - communication of information 42.033–42.036
    - confidentiality 42.051–42.053
    - definitions 42.016–42.025
    - dissemination of information 42.054
    - implementation and conformity checking 42.048
    - integration of amendments to international instruments 42.049
    - joint measures and scope 42.026–42.032
    - objectives 42.015
    - provision of security information prior to entry into port 42.046
    - provision of security information prior to entry into port and exemptions 42.043, 42.045–42.046
    - sanctions 42.055
    - security checks in Member State ports 42.047
- Page 1840
  
  inspection procedures
  - Regulation 324/2008 42.104–42.142
    - Commission actions 42.138
    - conduct of inspections 42.135
    - confidentiality 42.139
    - co-operation requirements for Member States 42.128
    - definitions 42.109–42.126
    - exercise of Commission powers 42.129
    - informing Member States of major non-conformity 42.141
    - inspection programme 42.140
    - notice of inspections 42.133
    - participation of national inspectors 42.130
    - preparation of inspections 42.134
    - reports 42.136
    - response requirements 42.137
    - review obligations 42.142
    - structure 42.127
    - subject matter 42.108
    - technical assistance from EMSA 42.131
    - training and qualification criteria 42.131
ship repair, EU law relating to 23.001–23.009
shipbuilding 22.001–22.116
- aims of the EU 22.022–22.024
- challenges for the sector 22.009–22.019
- CJEU and Commission case law on State aid 22.106–22.116
- commercial overview 22.004–22.006
- Council resolution on reorganisation of the industry 22.032–22.037
- economic value 22.007
- evolution of EU shipbuilding measures 22.024
- legislative competence of the EU 22.020
- OECD Agreement 22.029–22.031
- OECD’s role 22.025–22.031
- ship repair 23.001–23.009
- State aid
  - Germany 22.101–22.105, 22.108–22.109, 22.114
  - Spain 22.098–22.100
- strategic significance 22.008
- see also vessels, injurious pricing protection
shipowner, community, definition 6.018, 7.074
shipping
- global context 2.024
- inefficiency 49.063
- Member States’ attitudes and policies 49.071–49.074
- role of in the EU 49.069
shipping crisis 5.036, 5.038
shipping pools 12.143–12.151
ships
- reporting formalities for ships in EU ports see also vessels
short sea shipping 41.001–41.011
- commercial significance 2.011–2.012
- Commission communication 41.010
- Commission’s interest in 49.032
- communications 5.122
- the concept 39.002
- Council resolution 5.125, 41.003
- current thinking of the EU 41.011
- resolution on intermodality and intermodal freight transport 41.008–41.009
- resolution on promotion of 5.136, 41.004–41.007
Single European Act (SEA) 3.026
Sloman Neptun litigation 6.093
Slovakia, shipping analysis 2.119
Slovenia, shipping analysis 2.120–2.121
Spain
- cabotage and 7.057
- shipping analysis 2.122–2.128
- State aid
  - Commission Decision 98/157 22.098–22.100
  - shipyards 22.112–22.113
State aid 49.060
- Commission communications 15.028–15.029
- the concept 15.014, 15.016
- decisions and judgments 15.030
- Italian oil and chemical tankers breakup scheme 22.110
- maritime sector 15.030, 15.032
- maritime transport, Commission guidelines 15.033–15.056
- motorways of the seas 15.056–15.061
- ports 15.071–15.075, 15.076–15.115
  - application issues 15.095
  - block exemption regulation 15.115–15.121
  - infrastructure financing 15.105–15.108
  - land sale and purchase 15.100–15.104
  - maritime security financing 15.109
  - market definition 15.096
  - mergers and acquisitions 15.110
  - notification of the Commission 15.112
  - ports as undertakings 15.097–15.099
  - principles 15.113–15.114
  - relevance of rules 15.080–15.094
  - subsidisation of public services 15.111
- seafarers 15.125–15.127
- ship management companies 15.062–15.070
- shipping and ports 15.001–15.128
- Page 1841
  
  shipping sector 15.124
- tonnage tax 15.122–15.123
- Treaty provisions 15.018–15.027
Sweden
- cabotage and 7.058
- shipping analysis 2.129–2.132
SWOT analysis
- opportunities 49.045–49.048
- strengths 49.034–49.040
- threats 49.049–49.050
- weaknesses 49.041–49.044

taxation 49.058
- of cargoes, Haahr Petroleum Ltd v Åbenrå Havn and others case 7.138–7.144
- EU policy 49.058
- EUROS proposal and 6.157
- of shipping activities 49.058
- tonnage tax 15.122–15.123
technology, EU’s use of 49.057
training
- minimum training levels of seafarers 8.091–8.195, 8.292
- staff training for port services 43.075
training of seafarers
- Directive 94/58 5.118
- Directive 2008/106
  - amendment 31.087
  - amendment and exercise of delegation 8.189–8.191
  - application 8.125
  - background 31.006
  - certification
    - certificates and endorsements 8.128–8.130, 31.050–31.056
    - recognition of certificates 8.166–8.171, 31.078
  - Committee procedure 31.089
  - communication of provisions 8.194
  - company responsibilities 8.157–8.160, 31.068–31.072
  - compliance monitoring 8.186
  - definitions 8.094–8.124, 31.007–31.047
  - delegation of power 31.088
  - detention of vessels 8.185, 31.083
  - dispensation 8.162–8.163, 31.074
  - evaluation reporting 31.086
  - fitness for duty 8.161, 31.073
  - fraud and unlawful practices prevention 31.062
  - information for statistical purposes 8.187
  - information provision requirements 31.085
  - medical fitness standards 8.135–8.136, 31.065
  - monitoring 8.089
  - monitoring of compliance 31.084
  - near-coastal voyages, governing principles 31.058–31.061
  - non-compliance with STCW Convention requirements 8.172–8.178, 31.079
  - on-board communication 8.165, 31.077
  - penalties/disciplinary measures 8.132, 8.192, 31.063, 31.090
  - port State control procedures 8.180–8.184, 31.081–31.082
  - prevention of fraud/unlawful practices 8.131
  - quality standards 8.133–8.134, 31.064
  - reassessment requirements 8.179, 31.080
  - repeal 8.195, 31.092
  - reporting requirements 8.188
  - responsibilities of Member States 8.164
  - revalidation of certificates 8.137–8.142, 31.066
  - scope 31.048
  - simulator-based training 8.143–8.156, 31.067
  - training and assessment responsibilities of Member States 31.075–31.076
  - training and certification requirements 8.126, 31.049, 31.057
  - transitional provisions 8.193, 31.091
tramp shipping
- competition law, application 12.072–12.080, 12.163–12.179
- joint ventures 12.175–12.179
- market definition 12.165–12.169
- pool agreements 12.170–12.174
transport 4.001–4.078
- European Economic Area and 4.072
- evolution of EU transport law 4.073–4.076
- importance in the EU 4.002
- Regulation 4056/86 and 11.031–11.040
- secondary legislation 4.071
- sources of EU transport law 4.007
- TFEU 4.016–4.017
  - Article 4 4.019
  - Article 58 4.020–4.021
  - Article 90 4.022–4.027
  - Article 91 4.028–4.037
  - Article 92 4.036–4.038
  - Article 93 4.039–4.042
  - Article 94 4.043–4.044
  - Article 95 4.045–4.049
  - Article 96 4.050–4.052
  - Article 97 4.053–4.054
  - Article 98 4.055–4.056
  - Article 99 4.057, 4.059
  - Article 100 4.060–4.070
- treaties and 4.008–4.015
Page 1842

transport law 4.001–4.078
- adoption and administration 4.006
- legal basis 4.005
- sources 4.007
treaties
- Merger Treaty 3.020
- Treaty of Brussels 3.022
- Treaty of Lisbon 3.017, 3.030, 3.100
- Treaty of Rome 3.005–3.006
- Treaty on European Union 25.005–25.035
- Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 25.036–25.056

undertakings
- agreements between 10.057–10.058
- in the context of Article 102 10.123
- in the context of Regulation 4057/86 on dumping 17.040–17.042
- decisions by associations of 10.069
- definition 10.027–10.050
- particular entities as 10.029–10.050
- ports as 13.019–13.022, 15.097–15.099
United Kingdom (UK)
- cabotage and 7.061
- position during formation of the European communities 3.019
- ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences 9.076
- shipping analysis 2.133–2.141
- Viking litigation 6.127
United Nations
- Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 49.019
- Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner
  - Conferences 5.022, 5.047, 9.015–9.047
  - adoption of UN code 5.031
  - annual reports 9.039
  - application 9.026
  - Commission proposal 9.055
  - conference agreements 9.034
  - consultation machinery 9.040
  - decision-making 9.031
  - dispensation 9.037
  - entry into force 9.022
  - and EU law 9.048–9.069
  - freight rates 9.041–9.042, 9.044
    - criteria for determination 9.042
    - general increases 9.044
    - promotional 9.045
  - loyalty arrangements 9.036
  - member states 9.071–9.077
  - membership 9.028
  - objectives and principles 9.020–9.021
  - participation 9.029
  - perspectives on 9.023–9.025
  - Regulation 1490/2007 9.070
  - relations between conference members 9.027–9.047
  - relations with shippers 9.035–9.040
  - sanctions 9.032
  - self-policing 9.033
  - surcharges 9.046
  - tariffs 9.038, <:9.043
  - UNCTAD negotiations 9.016–9.019
  - see also ratification/accession to UN Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences
- Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) 6.031–6.034
- Convention on the Registration of Ships 1986 6.033–6.034, 6.036–6.044

vessels
- dismantling and recycling 24.001–24.099
- injurious pricing protection
  - Regulation 2016/1035 22.038–22.097
    - alternative remedies 22.090
    - definition of “Union industry” 22.069
    - denial of loading and unloading rights as countermeasure 22.091–22.092
    - determining “injurious pricing” 22.057–22.067
    - determining “injury” 22.068
    - imposition of injurious pricing charge 22.089
    - initiation of proceedings 22.070–22.080
    - investigation 22.081, 22.087
    - organisational issues 22.093–22.097
    - principles and definitions 22.045–22.056
- inspection of see inspection of ships
- medical treatment on board see medical treatment on board vessels
- recycling 24.003–24.010
- repair of 23.001–23.009
- see also recycling of ships; ships
Viking litigation 6.118–6.140
- CJEU’s ruling 6.139
- free movement question 6.132
- horizontal direct effect and Article 49 question 6.134
- UK court action 6.127

wages 13.022
working time of seafarers 35.001

The rest of this document is only available to i-law.com online subscribers.

If you are already a subscriber, click Log In button.

EU Shipping Law

Page 1821

Index

Index

Page 1822

Page 1823

Page 1824

Page 1825

Page 1826

Page 1827

Page 1828

Page 1829

Page 1830

Page 1831

Page 1832

Page 1833

Page 1834

Page 1835

Page 1836

Page 1837

Page 1838

Page 1839

Page 1840

Page 1841

Page 1842