International Trade and Carriage of Goods
Page 407
INDEX
- Belgium
- consignees’ rights 98
- Bill of lading
- BIMCO Electronic Bills of Lading clause
- BIMCO slow streaming and virtual arrival clauses 398–400
- BPO
- Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
- Charterparty clauses
- Consignees’ rights in European legal system 98–113
- Consignees’ rights under Rotterdam Rules 81–97
- background 82–84
- becoming the controlling party 91–92
- consignee, meaning 81–82
- consignee’s rights as controlling party 92–94
- Hague Rules, and 82–83
- Hague-Visby Rules, and 83
- Hamburg Rules, and 83
- importance of recognizing consignee’s rights as controlling party 94–96
- right to rely on contract particulars 86–88
- right to rely on Rotterdam Rules 88–90
- right to take delivery of goods 85–86
- rights of consignees as consignees 84–90
- rights of consignees as controlling parties 91–96
- rights of consignees as holders 90–91
- Rotterdam Rules 83–84
- UNCITRAL 95
- Containerisation 114–123
- accuracy of documents, and 115
- burden of customs debt 115–119
- declarations and burden of financial risk 121–122
- declarations and burden of liability 118–120
- declarations in respect of dangerous goods 118–119
- declarations on condition and quantity of goods 119–120
- discrepant declarations 114–123
- duty to fill in customs documents 115–116
- identification of debtors 117–118
- moment when customs debt incurred 116–117
- technical consequences 114
- Declarations 234–243
- forms 241–243
- function 234–243
- function under floating policy 234–236
- function under non-fully obligatory open cover 236–238
- nature of 234–243
- timing of 238–243
- Delegated performance 55–80
- acts of delegate 70–78
- agency, and 79–80
- delegate principle 56–63
- non-delegable performance 78
-
overriding contractual definitions 63–70Page 408
- recent developments 55–80
- Documentary credit dilemma 197–207
- Floating policies
- France
- ICC transit clause 250–263
- ICCURBPO
- Incoterms 12–14
- Insurable interest
- Insurance Act 2015 264–276
- Islamic letter of credit 177–196
- Laytime and demurrage in CIF and FOB contracts 35–51
- cancellation clauses and sale contracts 48–50
- compensation regimes incorporated from charterparties 39–51
- default position 36–37
- free-standing obligation or indemnity 41–45
- interpreting incorporated provisions in sale contract 45–48
- loss of time 36–37
- readiness and presentation within delivery period 50–51
- self-contained compensation regimes 37–39
- which charter incorporated 39
- which charter terms incorporated 39–41
- Lending on waybills 208–222
- Letters of credit 165–176
- autonomy 167–168
- common law doctrine of illegality 169–170
- exceptions to autonomy 168–173
- illegality under place of performance of contract 171–173
- importance of 165–166
- international uniform rules 166
- irrevocable 166
- Islamic see Islamic letters of credit
- nature of 166
- revocable 166
- revolving 167
- sanction clauses in 173–176
- sight credit 166
- standby 167
- unconfirmed 166
- usance credit 166
-
Letters of indemnity 124–144Page 409
- application of Rules 140
- beneficiary of 136–137
- commercial flexibility 126
- components 124–125
- creditworthiness of entity issuing 135–136
- delivery without bill of lading 124–144
- discharge of cargoes without bills of lading 199–200
- extra-contractual 125–126
- fraud, and 126
- illegality, and 126
- impact of charterparty clauses 132–135
- importance of terms of 137–138
- international transactions 165–176
- law and jurisdiction provisions 138–139
- legal capacity of entity issuing 136
- legal enforceability 135
- length of time in force 139–142
- nature of 124
- need for cargo claimants to become holders of bills after delivery 142–143
- obligation to accept, whether 131–132
- practical issues affecting effectiveness 135–139
- role in relation to delivery without surrender of bills of lading 130–131
- use of 126
- Netherlands
- consignees’ rights 98
- Paperless trade 145–162
- adjudications 157–162
- options 157–160
- bills of lading, waybills and delivery orders 150
- BPO 153–157
- BIMCO Electronic Bills of Lading clause 146–152
- contractual parties 156
- equivalent electronic record or procedure 146–147
- filling in gaps before or after 160–162
- gap-filling process 156–160
- ICCURBPO 153–156
- Incoterms 2010 146–148
- legal implications 145–162
- significant recent developments 146–156
- Reasonable contract of carriage 3–14
- alternative route to s.32(2) 8–9
- authorising unreasonable contract 10–12
- buyer’s remedies 10
- CIF 12–13
- CIP 13
- circumstances where s.32(2) might be used 9
- contract appropriate to grant sufficient protection 6–7
- contract must give buyer protective rights against carrier 7
- contract on usual terms 5–6
- course of dealing between parties 11
- examples of unreasonable contracts 7–8
- express agreement 11
- Incoterms 12–14
- legislative history of provision 4
- reasonableness test 4–7
- statutory framework 3–4
- Rotterdam Rules
- consignees’ rights under see Consignees’ rights under Rotterdam Rules
- Slow steaming clauses 15–34
- benefits 16
- bills of lading, and 24–26
- BIMCO 18
- CIF contracts 26–27
- contractual solutions allowing for flexibility 29–32
- FOB contracts 28–29
- global financial crisis, and 15
- international sales contracts, and 15–34
- law and practice 17
- reasonable contract of carriage, and 19–24
- time of shipment/laycan 26–29