THE "FORT LIVINGSTONE."

(1950) 84 Ll L Rep 410

COURT OF APPEAL.

Before Lord Justice Bucknill, Lord Justice Somervell and Lord Justice Denning, sitting with Rear-Admiral M. W. S. Boucher and Captain Lewis Parfitt, Nautical Assessors.

Collision - Convoy - Crossing convoys- Detachment of single ship from convoy in altering course-Seamanship - Lights - Look-out - Helm action - Duty to take off way -Collision between steamships G. Harrison Smith and Fort Livingstone in approaches to Firth of Clyde- G. Harrison Smith in convoy on course of 95 deg. (true); Fort Livingstone in convoy on course of 235 deg. (true)- Convoys aware of each other's presence -Ships instructed by leaders to take certain avoiding action-Signals misunderstood by G. Harrison Smith- Starboard helm action by G. Harrison Smith, taking her away from her own convoy and across course of Fort Livingstone's convoy-Duty of G. Harrison Smith as "single ship" -Whether Fort Livingstone was exhibiting navigation lights-Ships on crossing courses, with Fort Livingstone as "give way" ship-Criticism of Fore Livingstone's action in porting and in keeping her speed-Whether Fort Livingstone guilty of breach of good seamanship in failing to "take such action at win best aid to avert collision" -Collision Regulations, Art. 27.