Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts

Andrew Burr

Document

Page 1137

INDEX

Acceleration
- breach of contract 11-099
- constructive see Constructive acceleration
- costs 11-112
- culpable delay, and 11-090
- design programmes 2-102
- effect 11-019
- entitlement to extension of time, and 11-090
- estimates of cost 11-075
- failure to accelerate 11-109–11-213
  - breach of obligation, 11-195, 11-196
  - causation 11-199, 11-204
  - compensation 11-192
  - completion on time 11-192, 11-193,
  - culpable delay 11-193, 11-196, 11-201, 11-202, 11-204
  - demurrage claims 11-208
  - foreseeable delay 11-200
  - foreseeable losses 11-191–11-192
  - identification of loss 11-197, 11-204
  - instructed acceleration 11-189
  - instructions to recover 11-198, 11-199, 11-201–11-204
  - limitation on liability 11-206
  - liquidated damages 11-190, 11-204–11-207
  - redress 11-194, 11-196
  - termination of contract 11-209–11-211
- instructed 11-068–11-071, 11-077, 11-089
- lost productivity, and 17-046–17-052
- meaning 11-015, 11-016–11-018
- methods 11-137–11-188
  - changing sequence of activities 11-151–11-157
  - increasing motivation 11-166
  - increasing resources 11-167–11-169
  - increasing working time 11-170–11-188
  - logic changes 11-158–11-163
  - omissions 11-146–11-150
  - using different method of working 11-164, 11-165
- power to instruct 11-088–11-090
- schedule of 4-207
- standard form provisions 11-021–11-092
Access 4-164–4-170
Act of God 4-055, 4-056
Activity coding 7-232
Activity durations 7-126–7-142
Acts and/or omissions of developer 4-028–4-036
Acts of State 2-149
Acts of third parties 4-173–4-188
- consents 4-177
- developer, and 2-168
- government acts 4-181, 4-182
- persons employed by developer 4-183, 4-184
- statutory undertaker 4-174
Acts or omissions of third parties
- causation, and 14-061–14-067
Additional work
- guidelines 12-016
Adjudication 22-106–22-113
- final and binding 22-113
Adjudication in United Kingdom 23-001–23-063
- complex decisions 23-003, 23-007–23-022
- costs 23-004, 23-023–23-027
- definition of construction contract 23-005, 23-038–23-044
- human rights aspects 23-003, 23-007–23-022
- interest 23-004, 23-023–23-027
- limitation periods 23-002
- recovering costs 23-063
- residential occupiers 23-045–23-047
- sequential 23-006, 23-48–23-062
- single disputes 23-006, 23-048–23-062
Adverse weather
- lost productivity, and 17-059–17-064
Alliancing 3-060–3-063
Alternative dispute resolution 22-087, 22-088
Ambiguities 12-110–12-135
American law
- equitable adjustment 1-016
- influence of 1-014
Antiquities 4-264–4-266
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Apportionment 20-001–20-073
- A/B estimates approach 20-058–20-061
- balance of evidence, 20-005
- burden of proof approach 20-042
- but-for test, 20-005
- case law 20-003, 20-004
- causation, 20-001–20-004
- City Inn approach 20-068–20-070
- common law 20-009
- compensation, and 20-010–20-012
- delay to completion 20-013–20-031
- delta estimates approach 20-062, 20-063
- Devlin approach 20-043–20-045
- dominant cause approach 20-046–20-053
- jury verdict approach 20-054, 20-055
- logical processes 20-005
- loss and/or expense 20-032–20-036
- methods of apportionment of loss or expense 20-037–20-073
- modified global claim approach 20-056, 20-057
- modified total cost approach 20-064–20-067
- nature of 20-001
- net effect approach 20-071–20-073
- prolongation issues, and 20-006, 20-007, 20-011
- tortious solution 20-040–20-041
Approval of programmes 8-001–8-091
Approximate bills
- build-only contracts 3-021
- design risks, and 2-108
Arbitration 22-114–22-118
Arrow diagram 8-036–8-042
Artificial obstructions 4-157
As-built programme 7-058
As-built schedule
- forensic programme analysis 15-001–15-175
As-built impacted
- analytical method 15-077–15-116
As-planned updated versus as-planned u[dated
- analytical method 15-069–15-076
- As-planned versus as-built 14-232–14-241
- analytical method 15-061–15-068
Assessor
- discretion of court, and 22-041

Bar chart 8-007–8-017, 14-223–14-231
- advantages 8-014
- disadvantages 8-015
- extension of time, and 6-064–6-067
- meaning 8-007
- monitoring 9-123–9-127
Baseline programme 7-028–7-037
Best endeavours
- meaning 11-037
Biddability risk 2-113–2-124
- bills of quantities 2-115
- claims conditions 2-119
- greenfield sites 2-116
- itemised bills of quantities 2-122
- lowest tendering contractor 2-118
- manifest error 2-121
- nature of 2-113
- precision in communication 2-120
- predetermined cost and time effect of variations 2-123, 2-124
- preparation of tender documentation 2-117
- price, and 2-114
Bill of quantities 12-075–12-109
- additional work by way of increased quantities 12-105
- biddability risk, and 2-115
- compensation for prolongation 12-080
- drawings 12-100
- importance of 12-077
- incorporation as contract document 12-109
- lump sum, and 12-078
- precedence of 12-089, 12-090
- purpose 12-076
- re-measurement of quantities 12-081
- rules of measurement 12-093
BIM 13-067–13-119
- acronym 13-071
- case law 13-115, 13-116
- case studies 13-094–13-100
- collaboration 13-084, 13-085
- communication of information 13-113, 13-114
- conventional practice, and 13-074–13-077
- Cookham Wood 13-096–13-099
- definition 13-072, 13-073
- future projects 13-100
- investment 13-090, 13-091
- key documents 13-093
- legal, contractual and insurance issues 13-086
- levels of maturity 13-078, 13-079
- overcoming barriers 13-092
- perceived barriers against adoption 13-083
- perceived benefits 13-081, 13-082
- retrieval of information 13-111, 13-112
- significance 13-107–13-110
- standard forms of contract 13-101–13-106
- UK and management of information 13-087–13-089
- what is arguably not 13-080
Black Monday 2-145
Bricklaying
- calculating duration 7-148
Build-only contracts 3-016–3-029
- approximate bills 3-021
- delay, causes of 3-022
- information, supply of 3-024–3-027
- linear approach 3-019
- project manager 3-017
- re-measurement 3-028
- unforced errors or omissions 3-023
- variations 3-018
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Buildability risk 2-109–2-112
- drawing board 2-110
- meaning 2-109
- sequencing problems 2-111
Building control 2-189–2-192
- economic loss 2-191
- umbrella compensatory provisions 2-190
Building Information Modelling (BIM) 13-067–13-119
- see also BIM
Business efficacy
- implied terms, and 2-078, 2-083

Calculating durations 7-143–7-163
- bricklaying 7-148
Calculating time-related compensation 10-089
Cascade diagram 8-048, 8-049
Cash flow monitoring 9-105–9-110
Catastrophes
- delay 4-261
- examples 4-262
- force majeure 4-260
- specified perils 4-263
Causation 14-001–14-264
- acts or omissions of third parties 14-061–14-067
- as-planned versus as-built 14-232–14-241
- bar charts 14-223–14-231
- collapsing technique 14-242–14-248
- completion delayed 14-150–14-154
- completion likely to be delayed 14-142–14-144
- completion likely to be or has been delayed 14-145–14-149
- contemporaneous analysis 14-015–14-018, 14-020
- delay to completion of works 14-107–14-129
- delay to progress of works 14-070–14-081
- developer’s acts or omissions 14-045–14-060
- expenditure of prime cost and provisional sums 14-033–14-044
- factual materials available 14-165–14-172
- failure to perform 14-099–14-106
- inference 14-001-14-008, 14-191–14-252 see also Inference of causation
- instructed changes 14-028–14-032
- instructed variations 14-082–14-087
- matters to be identified 14-009
- occurrences 14-068, 14-069
- other occurrence 14-025–14-069
- primary 14-025–14-069
- proof of 14-130–14-190
- proportionality 14-173–14-190
- retrospective delay analysis 14-019, 14-020
- secondary 14-070–14-081
- smoke and mirrors 14-252–14-264
- subject-matter of proof 14-160–14-164
- suspension of works 14-088–14-098
- terms of contract 14-134–14-159
- tertiary 14-107–14-129
- three-part chain 14-021–14-129
- visualisations 14-249–14-252
- voluntary or implied variations 14-028–14-032
- whatever is fair and reasonable 14-155–14-159
Cause and effect matrix 14-199–14-207
CDBs 24-036–24-041
Change 12-001–12-197
- see also Variation
- bill of quantities, and 12-075–12-109
- constructive see Constructive change
- definition 12-031, 12-062, 12-066
- instruction to make 12-006
- no express authority, where 12-010–12-014
- standard form provisions 12-030–12-157
Change control 13-026–13-041
- clear factual evidence, need for 13-033
Change management
- definitions 10-049
- effects of change See also Managing effect of change
  - acceleration 10-074, 10-085–10-088
  - ad hoc changes 10-078
  - change order procedure 10-077
  - changed resources 10-072
  - design changes 10-076
  - disruption 10-074
  - extensions of time 10-072
  - need for instructions 10-075
  - sequence of works 10-072
  - schedule, and 10-074
  - significance of change 10-073
  - tenders, and 10-071
  - variation 10-072, 10-077
- electronic submittals 10-056, 10-057
- key dates 10-059, 10-060
- management information structure 10-048
- programme 10-050–10-055
- progress records 10-058
- relationships 10-061–10-070
- roles 10-061–10-070
- supplements 10-045–10-070
  - conditions 10-047
  - definitions 10-049
  - publication 10-045
  - standard forms of contract 10-045
  - suitability 10-046
Change order procedure 4-109–4-111
CIOB
- working group 1-011
CIOB Complex Projects Contract
- costs and time management 4-325–4-366
- risk management 4-357–4-364
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CIOB Contracts for Use with Complex Projects (CPC 2013) 3-007–3-015
- see also CPC 2013
Circumstances beyond control 4-042–4-051
Civil commotion 4-241–4-253
Claim preparation 22-020–22-023
Claims consultants 22-027, 22-028
Classification of change 4-011–4-027
- assumption of risk of change 4-024
- cause beyond control 4-015
- “causes” of delay 4-021
- drafting technique 4-021
- extension of time 4-018–4-020
- notice of event 4-022
- phraseology 4-012
- risks, definition 4-026
- standard forms 4-013
- sub-groups 4-014
- sweeping-up clause 4-016, 4-017
Collapsed as-built
- analytical method 15-117–15-148
Commercial risk allocation
- implied terms, and 2-081
Compensation see Damages
Compensation conditional upon notice 5-151–5-165
Complex projects
- characteristics 3-004
Complex projects
- risk 2-004
Computer generated evidence 13-185–13-191
Computer software 9-007, 9-010
Computerised database 13-045, 13-046
Computerised simulation
- risk, and 2-061–2-063
Computers
- critical path method, and 7-082
Conciliation 22-096–22-098
- see also Dispute Resolution, Mediation
- bespoke contracts 22-097
- conciliators 22-096
- dispute review boards 22-098
Concurrency 18-001–18-140
- application of theory 18-007
- concurrent delays to completion 18-066–18-080
- delay to progress, and 18-039–18-065
- distinguishing concurrent and pacing delays to progress 18-024
- distinguishing concurrent and parallel delays 18-018–18-022
- distinguishing concurrent and sequential delays 18-023
- distinguishing delay and financial loss 18-035–18-038
- distinguishing delay to progress from delay to completion 18-015, 18-016
- distinguishing primary, secondary and tertiary causation 18-017
- distinguishing timing of primary cases 18-025–18-028
- entitlement 18-014
- extensions of time, and 18-066–18-102
- inconsistency in treatment of issues 18-012
- legal concepts of relief and compensation 18-029–18-034
- meaning 18-001, 18-002
- pacing, and 18-122–18-140
- parallel causes of delay to completion 18-097–18-102
- parallel delays to progress 18-059–18-065
- parties 18-013
- prolongation, and 18-103–18-121 see also Prolongation
- sequential causes of delay to completion 18-081–18-096
- sequential delays to progress 18-044–18-058
Consequential changes 12-196, 12-197
Constructing Excellence 1-006
Construction industry
- decrease in output 1-001
Construction management contracts 3-036–3-046
- advantages 3-040
- construction manager 3-038
- difficulties 3-041
- flexibility 3-045
- Holyrood Enquiry 3-046
- liquidated damages 3-039
- schedule 3-042, 3-043
- status of contractors 3-037
Construction records 13-001–13-275
Constructive acceleration 11-093–11-136
- compensation for 11-117–121
- conduct requiring 11-110–11-121
  - demands to accelerate, 11-110
  - extensions of time, 11-110, 11-116
  - implied instructions, 11-110, 11-112
  - required elements, 11-111, 11-112, 11-118
- initiation of grounds for 11-104–11-109
- legal doctrine, as 11-095–11-103
- mechanics 11-122–11-136
Construction risk 2-125–2-141
- additional work 2-126, 2-127
- groundworks 2-128–2-135
- subcontractors 2-136–2-138
- weather 2-140, 2-141
Constructive change 12-158–12-197
- alternative materials 12-188
- avoiding disputes 12-180
- consequential changes 12-196, 12-197
- constructive, meaning 12-162
- essence of claim 12-161
- estoppel, and 12-171
- implied changes, and 12-164, 12-168
- quality 12-181–12-189
- quality or quantity 12-178
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  quantity 12-190–12-195
- reasonable satisfaction 12-182
- treated as variation 12-176
- variations in writing 12-167
- waiver, and 12-171
- when arising 12-175
Constructive notice 5-030–5-032
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representation) Act 2012 2-163, 2-164
Contemporaneous records
- meaning 13-030
Contingency
- project planning and programming 2-057, 2-058
Contingency planning 16-006
Contra proferentem rule
- notice as condition precedent, and 5-130
Contract administrator 1-023
Contract programme 9-017, 9-018
Cookham Wood
- BIM, and 13-096–13-099
Cost and time management
- CIOB Complex Projects Contract 4-325–4-366
- JCT Major Projects Contract 4-325–4-366
Cost management 2-014
Cost monitoring 9-111–9-115
Costs 22-009–22-023
- claims presentation, and 22-011
- computer-managed documents 22-017
- disclosure, and 22-015
- dispute risk and 2-086
- open-book document management system 22-018
Count the squares chart monitoring 9-128–9-135
Counterclaim 22-140–22-144
- defence to 22-145, 22-146
- reply 22-145, 22-146
CPC 2013 3-007–3-015
- collaboration and transparency 3-009, 3-010
- contract documents 3-008
- dispute resolution 3-013
- project time manager 3-011
- suitability for use 3-007
CPM programming 7-008–7-014
Critical path 1-028, 1-029
- extension of time, and 6-051–6-054
Critical Path Method 1-029, 7-068–7-084
- computers, and 7-082
- definition 7-069
- development 7-076
- form of schedule 7-075
- more than one 7-074
- nature of 7-068
- practical effects 7-081
- purposes 7-070–7-072
- resource requirements 7-079
- retrospective delay analysis 7-077
- schedule logic 7-078

DABs 24-036–24-041
Damage caused by carrying out works 4-255–4-259
- insurance, and 4-257, 4-258
Damages 21-001–21-291
- burden of proof 21-009
- compensation, entitlement to 21-013–21-039
- contractor has actually suffered loss or expense 21-172, 21-173
- direct labour costs 21-042–21-052
- direct loss or expense 21-002, 21-010–21-012
- Eichleay formula 21-185–21-187
- Emden formula 21-189
- exclusion clauses 21-264–21-291
- financing costs 21-119–21-137
- formula adjustments 21-159–21-191
- four-phrase analysis 21-008
- goods and materials 21-074–21-078
- Hadley v Baxendale, rule in 21-003–21-007
- head office costs 21-111–21-116
- Hudson formula 21-188
- insurances 21-117, 21-118
- Lilley Ames Co v United States 21-190
- liquidated see Liquidated damages
- loss of future profits 21-140–21-145
- loss of productivity 21-089–21-097
- loss or expense not recovered elsewhere 21-174
- loss or expense remained unabsorbed 21-175
- management costs 21-068–21-073
- non-productive overtime 21-053–21-057
- plant and equipment 21-079–21-088
- potential heads of claim 21-040–21-158
- preliminaries 21-100–21-110
- profit on costs 21-138, 21-139
- propositions 21-004
- quantifying predictive loss 21-247–21-291
- quantum meruit 21-192–21-223 see also Quantum meruit
- resort to formula approach 21-176–21-184
- staff costs 21-058–21-067
- temporary works 21-098, 21-099
- time-related costs 21-027
- unabsorbed overheads 21-146–21-158
- work-related costs 21-027
Database records 13-172–13-184
Databases 13-217–13-235
- drawings 13-225
- sorting evidence on 13-217–13-235
- text 13-224
DBs 24-001–24-089
- ad hoc 24-026–24-035
- advantages 24-017
- context 24-005–24-016
- costs 24-075–24-081
- enforcement of decisions 24-067–24-072
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  independence of members 24-048–24-052
- international developments 24-082–24-089
- national developments 24-082–24-089
- operations 24-053–24-066
- refusal prior to arbitration 24-073–24-074
- rules 24-042–24-047
- standing 24-026–24-035
- use of 24-002–24-004
Decennial liability
- mandatory laws 25-023–25-026
Defence, statement of 22-137–22-139
Defined provisional sums 12-101, 12-102
Delay
- adverse effect 1-033
- advice as to cause of delay 5-039
- analysis, nature of 7-001
- apportionment 20-013–20-031
- build-only contracts 3-022
- catastrophes 4-261
- causation
  - completion delayed 14-107–14-129, 14-150–14-154
  - completion likely to be delayed 14-142–14-144
  - completion likely to be or has been delayed 14-145–14-149
  - progress of works 14-070–14-081
- “causes” of delay 4-021
- comparative term, as 1-032
- completion 1-002
- concurrent
  - completion, to 18-066–18-080
  - distinguishing concurrent and pacing delays to progress 18-024
  - distinguishing concurrent and parallel delays 18-018–18-022
  - distinguishing concurrent and sequential delays 18-023
  - distinguishing delay and financial loss 18-035–18-038
  - distinguishing delay to progress from delay to completion 18-015, 18-016
  - parallel causes of delay to completion 18-097–18-102
  - parallel delays to progress 18-059–18-065
  - progress, and 18-039–18-065
  - SCL Protocol 10-040
  - sequential causes of delay to completion 18-081–18-096
  - sequential delays to progress 18-044–18-058
- culpable delay 11-090, 11-193, 11-196, 11-201, 11-202, 11-204
- extensions of time
  - critical delay to the work 6-030
  - delay actually occurred 6-036–6-038
  - delay to progress 6-002–6-013
- developer’s time risk event occurring in period of culpable delay to completion date 6-100–6-105
  - likely and actual delay to completion date 6-031–6-043
  - relevant delay 6-042
- facts of delay 13-193–13-235
- forecasting delay 10-005-10-013
- foreseeable delay 11-200
- managing effects of delay 10-016
- meanings 1-030, 1-031
- nominated subcontractors and suppliers’ delay 4-196, 4-197
- receiving instructions, in 4-204–4-231
  - acceleration of schedule, and 4-207
  - C behind programme 4-208
  - contract completion date, and 4-209
  - having regard to completion date 4-206
  - instructions to suit contractor’s advanced schedule 4-231
  - specific request for information 4-210–4-225
- retrospective analysis 7-077, 14-019, 14-020
- standard clauses of delay 4-028–4-266
- standard form provisions, meaning of delay 2-027
Design
- meaning 12-070
Design and build contracts 3-030–3-035
- cost control 3-032
- developer’s requirements 3-031
- risk, and 3-034, 3-035
Design risk 2-095–2-108
- accelerated design programmes 2-102
- approximate bills 2-108
- communication between developer and designer 2-101
- errors 2-095
- fitness for purpose 2-096
- freezing design at scheme design stage 2-104
- key concepts 2-096
- M&E engineering consultants 2-103
- needs of client 2-099
- post-contract design 2-105–2-107
- reappraisal of design 2-106
- reasonable skill and care 2-096
- relevant factors 2-098
- remedial work 2-100
- statistics 2-097
Detailed plan 7-024
Developer’s acts or omissions
- causation, and 14-045–14-060
- quantum meruit, and 21-211–21-223
Development control 2-193
Development programme 7-038–7-042
Diligently
- meaning 11-011–11-013
Dilution of supervision
- lost productivity, and 17-075–17-077
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Direct labour costs
- damages, and 21-042–21-052
Disclosure 13-236–13-275
- costs, and 22-015
- electronic documents 13-254–13-263
- experts’ documents 13-264, 13-265
- failure to disclose 13-243–13-251
- privileged communications 13-206–13-275
- purpose 13-242
- scope 13-252
- standard 13-238
Discovery 13-226–13-275
Discrepancies 12-110–12-135
Dispute boards 24-001–24-089
- see also DBs
Dispute resolution 22-085–22-098
- see also Conciliation, Mediation
- adjudication 22-106–22-112
- arbitration 22-114–22-122
- causes of dispute 22-085
- choice of method 22-086
- differences 22-088
- expert determination 22-100–22-105
- final and binding 22-113
- informal methods 22-086
- litigation, and 22-121, 12-122
- non-binding 22-089–22-090
- procedures 22-090
Dispute risk 2-086–2-094
- costs, and 2-086
- inadequate legal knowledge, and 2-091
- Multiplex 2-087
- natural justice, and 2-094
- reduction of 2-088
- statistics 2-089
- unread conditions of contract 2-092
Disruption
- meaning 1-034, 17-002, 17-003
Divergences 12-110–12-135
Document management systems 13-226
Documentary evidence 13-168–13-171
DRBs 24-036–24-041
Duress 22-065–22-074

Early completion
- programme preparation, and 7-091–7-097
Early warnings 5-003–5-007
Earned value monitoring 9-116–9-118
Economic duress 22-065–22-074
- elements 22-068–22-074
EDI agreement 13-055–13-057
Editing standard forms 2-074–2-077
Egress 4-164–4-170
Eichleay formula 21-185–21-187
Electronic data exchange 13-051–13-066
- technologies 13-052
Electronic documents
- disclosure 13-254–13-263
Emden formula 21-189
Equitable adjustment 1-016
Errors
- lost productivity, and 17-053–17-055
Errors in contract documents 4-081–4-102
Evidence 13-160–13-192
- computer generated 13-185–13-191
- database records 13-172–13-184
- documentary 13-168–13-171
- facts of delay 13-193–13-235
- manual sorting of 13-204–13-207
- multi-volume collections 13-208, 13-209
- oral 13-161–13-167
- presentation 13-160–13-192
- retrospective assembly 13-196–13-203
- single-volume tagged collections 13-210–13-216
- sorting on databases 13-217–13-235
- strength of records 13-192
Excepted risks 2-152–2-162
Exceptionally inclement weather 4-123, 4-127–4-129
Exclusion clauses
- damages, and 21-264–21-291
Expert determination 22-100–22-105
Expert opinion
- lost productivity, and 17-160–17-162
Experts 22-029–22-056
- contents of report 22-046
- contracting technical advice 22-040
- duties 22-045, 22-047
- independence 22-043
- joint statement 22-051
- meetings without prejudice 22-052
- need of tribunal, and 22-037
- reports 22-031–22-036
- research, and 22-050
- task of 22-042
- two reports 22-038
Experts’ documents
- disclosure 13-264, 13-265
Extended working hours
- lost productivity, and 17-066–17-069
Extensions of time 6-001–6-105
- bar chart 6-064–6-067
- calculating entitlement 10-036
- change management, and 10-072
- coldly logical approach 6-057
- concurrency, and see Concurrency
- conditional upon notice 5-110–5-150
- conduct requiring 11-110, 11-116
- consequences 6-028, 6-029
- constructive change 6-059
- contract administrator, role of 6-014–6-030
- critical delay to the work 6-030
- delay actually occurred 6-036–6-038
- delay to progress 6-002–6-013
- developer’s time risk event occurring in period of culpable delay to completion date 6-100–6-105
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  fair and reasonable 6-020–6-030, 6-056
- forming opinion 6-044–6-068
  - critical path, and 6-051–6-054
  - factual matrix 6-049
  - reasoned manner 6-046
- holiday period 6-003–6-005
- inoperable power 6-134–6-173
  - assessing reasonable time to complete 6-143–6-158
  - no completion date under contract 6-165–6-168
  - no contract, where 6-159–6-164
  - stipulated contract period 6-169–6-173
- likely and actual delay to completion date 6-031–6-043
- logical analysis 6-063
- measurement of interim extensions of time 10-018
- negotiating award 6-069–6-074
- no power, where 6-130–6-133
- original planned schedule, and 6-018
- purpose 6-001
- relevant delay 6-042
- restricted working calendars 6-006
- reviewing award 6-088–6-099
- rules of measurement, and 6-060
- standard forms 4-005–4-008
- time risk event 6-032, 6-033
- timing of award 6-075–6-087

Facts of delay 13-193–13-235
Failure to pay 4-037–4-041
Failure to perform
- causation, and 14-099–14-106
Familiarisation
- planning, and 7-021
Financial risk 2-142–2-147
- committing resources 2-143
- inflation 2-147
- investment decision 2-142
- money-related 2-144
- tendering below cost 2-145, 2-146
Financing costs
- damages, and 21-119–21-137
Fire
- insurable risk 2-155, 2-156
Fitness for purpose
- risk, and 2-049, 2-050
Float
- calculation 16-009–16-011
- data 16-009
- definition 16-058–16-060
- elusive concept 16-007
- free 16-012–16-017
- independent 16-018, 16-019
- interfering 16-020, 16-021
- meaning 16-001–16-005
- negative 16-043
- standard form provisions 16-058–16-072
- time contingencies 16-044–16-057
- total 16-022–16-042 see also Total float
- who owns 16-073–16-150
Flow chart 8-018, 8-019
Force majeure 4-053–4-080
- change in economic/market circumstances 4-057–4-059
- civil commotion 4-241–4-253
- definition 4-062–4-080
- interpretation 4-054
- strikes 4-241–4-253
- weather, and 4-142
Forecasting delay 10-005-10-013
Forensic
- meaning 15-001
Forensic programme analysis 15-001–15-175
- analytical methods 15-061–15-163
- as-built schedule 15-047
- as-planned impacted 15-077–15-116
- as-planned updated versus as-planned updated 15-069–15-076
- as-planned versus as-built 15-061–15-068
- collapsed as-built 15-117–15-148
- correcting planned programme 15-019–15-036
- dynamic methods 15-006
- planned programme 15-017
- preparing materials 15-017–15-060
- static methods 15-005
- time impact analysis 15-149–15-163
- updating planned programme with progress 15-037–15-046
- use of 15-004
- watersheds 15-164–15-175
- windows 15-164–15-175
Formula adjustments
- damages, and 21-159–21-191
Fossils 4-264–4-266
Free float 16-012–16-017
- potential ambiguity with contingency 16-075–16-087
Fraud 22-075–22-084

Gantt chart 8-008, 8-009
Global claim 19-001–19-072
- court applied tests 19-072
- defence to 19-062–19-072
- difficulties 19-009–19-012
- essential character 19-040
- fully pleaded 19-060
- meaning 19-006, 19-007
- particularisation 19-043–19-059
- problem with 19-001
- record keeping, and 13-005–13-007
- total time or loss claim distinguished 19-004–19-008
Goods and materials
- damages, and 21-074–21-078
Page 1145

Government acts 4-181, 4-182
Graphs 14-216–14-222
Greenfield sites
- biddability risk, and 2-116
Groundworks
- construction risk, and 2-128–2-135
Guaranteed maximum price 3-056–3-059

Head office costs
- damages, and 21-111–21-116
Health and safety 4-254
Hierarchy of documents 4-081–4-084
High-rise building projects
- risk 2-005
Histograms 14-216–14-222
Holyrood 2-009
Hong Kong forms
- project planning and programming 2-053
Hudson formula 21-188
Human rights
- adjudication in UK, and 23-003, 23-007–23-022

Identifying cost of project controls 10-090
Implied instruction for change 12-003
Implied terms 2-078–2-085
- business efficacy 2-078, 2-083
- commercial necessity 2-084
- commercial risk allocation, and 2-081
- criteria 2-079
- established trade usage 2-083
- inherent in legal relationship 2-083
- principles 2-080
- sole supplier 2-085
Inclement weather 4-124–4-126
Inconsistencies in contract documents 4-081–4-102
Independent float 16-018, 16-019
Independent information management 13-120–13-134
Inference of causation 14-191–14-252
- cause and effect matrix 14-199–14-207
- graphs 14-216–14-222
- histograms 14-216–14-222
- Scott schedules 14-208–14-215
Inflation 2-147
Ingress 4-164–4-170
In-house departments 22-024–22-026
Injury or damage to property 2-157–2-162
Inspection 13-236–13-275
Instructed variation
- causation, and 14-082–14-087
Instructed variations and changes 4-103–4-120
- change, definition 4-115, 4-116
- changes within scope of contract 4-106
- expenditure of provision sums 4-119
- expressly excusable 4-114
Insurable risk 2-150–2-162
- damage caused by carrying out works, and 4-255–4-259
- damage to structures owned by third party 2-154
- damages, and 21-117, 21-118
- excepted risks 2-152–2-162
- fire 2-155, 2-156
- from whatever cause 2-161
- injury or damage to property 2-157–2-162
- specified perils 2-150, 2-151
- transfer of 2-153
Interfering float 16-020, 16-021
Internet
- weather information via 4-131
Interpretation of contracts
- principles 2-072, 2-073
Itemised bills of quantities
- biddability risk, and 2-122
Investment decision 2-142

Jagged line monitoring 9-136–9-143
JCT forms
- risk 2-019, 2-020
JCT Major Projects Contract
- costs and time management 4-325–4-366
- risk management 4-357–4-364

Key dates 7-098–7-109

Latent conditions 4-154
Learning curve
- lost productivity, and 17-078–17-080
Legal risk 2-064–2-085
- court interpretations 2-066
- editing standard forms 2-074–2-077
- implied terms 2-078–2-085 see also Implied terms
- intentions of parties 2-070, 2-071
- interpretation of commercial contracts 2-072, 2-073
- interpretation of standard forms, effect 2-069
- issues 2-064
- ways in which arising 2-065
- where falling 2-067, 2-068
Line-of-balance chart 8-020–8-026
Liquidated damages 21-224–21-246
- construction management contracts 3-039
- exclusive remedy 21-228–21-231
- failure to quantify 21-242–21-246
- mandatory laws 25-013–25-016
- penalties 21-232–21-241
- standard form provisions 21-225–21-227
Litigation 22-119–22-122
Local authorities
- negligence 2-172–2-179
Logical relationships 7-116–7-125
Page 1146

Logistics
- lost productivity, and 17-081, 17-082
Loss of future profits
- damages, and 21-140–21-145
Loss of morale
- lost productivity, and 17-065
Loss of productivity
- damages, and 21-089–21-097
- loss of future profits, and 17-065
Loss or expense, recovery of 4-267–4-366
- CIOB Complex Projects Contract 4-325–4-366
- claims procedure 4-300–4-321
- compensable events 4-280–4-299
- compensable risks 4-295, 4-296
- compensation for disruption to progress 4-322–4-324
- conditions contrary to public interest 4-299
- developer’s cost risk events 4-282–4-293
- direct loss and/or expense 4-267
- JCT Major Projects Contract 4-325–4-366
- priced activity schedule 4-279
- standard forms provisions 4-268–4-276
- valuation 4-274–4-278
- variations 4-294
Lost productivity
- acceleration 17-046–17-052
- accounting for effects of separate events 17-137–17-147
- adverse weather 17-059–17-064
- analysis 17-088–17-162
  - actual impacted versus actual unimpacted 17-124–17-147
  - benchmark data versus actual 17-122–17-123
  - historic versus actual 17-118–17.121
  - planned versus actual 17-102–17-107
- burden of proof 17-005, 17-006
- causation 17-007
- conditions causing 17-031–17-034
- difficulty of measurement 17-018
- dilution of supervision 17-075–17-077
- errors 17-053–17-055
- expert opinion 17-160–17-162
- extended working hours 17-066–17-069
- inducing productivity norms versus actual 17-108–17-117
- learning curve 17-078–17-080
- logistics 17-081, 17-082
- loss and expense suffered 17-004–17-008
- loss of morale 17-065
- matters to be proved 17-004
- measured mile 17-124–17-159
- omissions 17-053–17-055
- partial possession 17-056–17-058
- reassignment of manpower 17-070–17-074
- records, and 17-025–17-030
- recovery 17-046–17-052
- ripple 17-083–17-085
- resource-based planning 17-019–17-024
- site restrictions 17-081, 17-082
- staffing 17-035–17-037
- trade stacking 17-086, 17-087
- variations 17-038–17-045

M & t engineering consultants
- design risks, and 2-103
Management contracting
- risk, and 2-037
Management contracting contracts 3-047–3-055
- advantages 3-052
- default by subcontractors 3-048
- failures 3-054
- influences on site times 3-055
- obligations of management contractor 3-051
- relationship between risk and tender premium 3-049
- works contractors 3-053
Management costs
- damages, and 21-08–21-073
Managing effect of change 10-071–10-088
- see also Change Management
- disruption 10-074
- first step-programme update 10-080
- frozen design 10-076
- negotiation of variations 10-077
- potential fifth step-acceleration 10-085–10-088
- potential fourth step-event impacting 10-084
- second step-programme review for better information 10-081
- significance 10-073
- third step-recovery 10-082, 10-083
- variation 10-072
Mandatory laws in international construction contracts 25-001–25-026
- decennial liability 25-023–25-026
- definitions 25-002
- liquidated damages 25-013–25-016
- practical completion 25-017–25-022
- priority 25-003
- private international law 25-006–25-009
- taking-over 25-017–25-022
- time-bar clauses 25-010–25-012
Manifest error
- biddability risk, and 2-121
Master programme 7-028–7-037
Measured mile 17-124–17-159
Mediation 22-091–22-095
- see also Dispute Resolution, Conciliation
- advisory bodies 22-092
- forums 22-092
- mediation clauses, 22-095
- mediators 22-091
- permission 22-093
- procedure 22-094
Page 1147

Milestone monitoring 9-119–9-122
Milestone programme 8-029–8-032
Milestones 7-098–7-109
Mismanagement of time
- consequences 1-003
- standard forms, and 1-007
Misrepresentation 22-075–22-084
Mitigation 11-001–11-020
- meaning 11-001
- principles 11-002
- question of fact 11-004
- standard form provisions 11-021–11-092
Modelling 9-008
Monitoring
- standard form provisions 9-033–9-060

Natural justice
- dispute risks, and 2-094
Negative float 16-043
Negligence
- local authorities 2-172–2-179
Network diagrams 8-033–8-035
Nominated subcontractors and suppliers 4-189–4-203
- delay 4-197
- effect of nomination 4-195
- failure to complete on time 4-190
- three-sided arrangement 4-194
Non-productive overtime
- damages, and 21-053–21-057
Notice as condition precedent 5-110–5-165
- barring clause 5-116
- compensation conditional upon notice 5-151–5-165
- consequences of non-compliance 5-133
- contra proferentem rule 5-130
- express provision 5-115
- extension of time conditional upon notice 5-110–5-150
- “on receiving a notice” 5-112
- prevention principle 5-134–5-150
Notices 5-008–5-109
- advice as to cause of delay 5-039
- condition precedent, as 5-110–5-165
- constructive 5-030–5-032
- contents 5-033–5-054
- form of 5-024–5-029
- nature of 5-012–5-023
- period of 5-055–5-080
- second 5-081–5-089
- service of 5-097–5-109
- waiver of 5-090–5-096
- written 5-024–5-029

Occupational programme 7-055–7-057
Omissions 12-136–12-153
- lost productivity, and 17-053–17-055
Oral evidence 13-161–13-167
Outline plan 7-022

Pacing 18-122–18-140
- concurrency, and 18-122–18-140
Partial possession
- lost productivity, and 17-056–17-058
Partnering 3-060–3-063
Penalties 21-232–21-241, –21-260
PIX Protocol 13-061–13-066
Planning
- anticipation, and 7-016
- decisions involved 7-015
- detailed plan 7-024
- effective strategy 7-019
- familiarisation 7-021
- nature of 7-001
- outline plan 7-022
- personal 7-017
- sequential process 7-003
- statistics 7-018
- strategic plan 7-023
Plant and equipment
- damages, and 21-079–21-088
Political risk 2-148, 2-149
Poor project programming 1-009
Poor record keeping 1-009
Postponement 4-171, 4-172
Precedence diagram 8-043–8-047
Preliminaries
- damages, and 21-100–21-110
Presentation of programmes 8-001–8-091
compliance with scheduling specifications 8-006
- financial attractiveness 8-005
- methods 8-002
- standard form provisions 8-050–8-091
  - acceptance 8-054–8-091
  - approval 8-054–8-091
  - initial programme 8-050–8-053
  - rejection 8-054–8-091
Prevention principle
- generally 6-114–6-129
- notice as condition precedent, and 5-134–5-150
Private finance initiative 3-064–3-072
Private international law 25-006–25-009
Private nuisance 2-183, 2-184
Privileged communications
- disclosure 13-266–13-275
- risk, and 2-059, 2-060
Probability estimates
- risk, and 2-059, 2-060
Procurement arrangements 3-056–3-072
Productivity see also Lost productivity
- indices 17-011
- meaning 17-010
- VATFP 17-012, 17-013
Profit on costs
- damages, and 21-138, 21-139
Programme 1-025
- activity coding 7-232
- Page 1148
  
  approval 8-001–8-091
- contract document, as 7-222–7-228
- core principles 7-234
- method of compilation 7-229
- presentation 8-001–8-091
- pricing requirements 7-243–7-247
- specifying requirements 7-229–7-242
- standard form requirements 7-179–7-247 see also Standard form requirements for programmes
- subject-matter 7-241
- varieties 7-026–7-065
Programme preparation 7-068–7-163
- activity durations 7-126–7-142
- calculating durations 7-143–7-163
- contract period 7-085–7-090
- early completion 7-091–7-097
- key dates 7-098–7-109
- logical relationships 7-116–7-125
- milestones 7-098–7-109
- sectional completion 7-098–7-109
- work content 7-110–7-115
Programme revision 9-061–9-068
Programme updating 9-069–9-088
Programming
- development process 7-025
- nature of 7-001
Progress monitoring 9-089–9-149
- meaning 9-004
- methods 9-090
- purpose 9-089
Progress records 13-015–13-025
- CIOB Guide 13-021–13-025
- failure to keep 13-018
- holistic approach 13-016
Progress reporting 9-150–9-175
Project control 10-001–10-094
- benefits 10-004
- choices 10-003
- cost, and 10-032–10-034
- identifying cost 10-090
- redress for failure to comply 10-091–10-094
- SCL Protocol 10-014–10-044 see also SCL Protocol
- scope 10-001
- time and damage 10-002
Project planning and programming
- contingency 2-057, 2-058
- decisions 2-051
- effective monitoring of the works 2-055
- importance 2-052
- Hong Kong forms 2-053
- risk, and 2-051–2-062
Project planning model statements 7-164–7-178
- activities 7-172
- communication 7-174
- consultation 7-174
- density of schedule, and 7-176
- high density 7-178
- medium density 7-177
- purpose 7-168
- requirements 7-171
- time management strategy 7-174
Project procurement 3-001–3-072
- CIOB Guide 3-003, 3-004
- types of contract 3-016–3-055
Project time manager 3-011
Projects
- meaning 3-004
Prolongation 18-103–18-121
- concurrency, and 18-103–18-121
- concurrent causes 18-103–18-112
- parallel cause 18-116–18-121
- sequential causes 18-113–18-115
Proportionality
- causation, and 14-173–14-190
PSSC 3-014
Public private partnership 3-064–3-072

Quality control 4-232–4-240
Quantifying predictive loss 21-247–21-291
- likely outgoings 21-262
Quantum meruit 21-192–21-223
- anticipation of contract 21-198
- application of doctrine 21-193
- contract price, and 21-203
- developer’s damages 21-211–21-223
- frustration, and 21-207
- letter of intent, and 21-208–21-210
- variations, and 21-204

Rate of progress
- meaning 11-080
Reasonable skill and care
- risk, and 2-049
Reassignment of manpower
- lost productivity, and 17-070–17-074
Record keeping 13-003–13-014
- chain of causation, and 13-036–13-037
- change control, and 13-026–13-041
- changed circumstances 13-040, 13-041
- facts of delay 13-193–13-235
- global claim, and 13-005–13-007
- points to be addressed 13-038
- standard form provisions 13-135–13-159
- statistics 13-034, 13-035
Record retrieval 13-042–13-050
- computerised database 13-045, 13-046
Records
- lost productivity, and 17-025–17-030
Recovery
- effect 11-014
- failure 11-189–11-213
- lost productivity, and 17-046–17-052
- meaning 11-008
- Page 1149
  
  methods 11-137–11-188
  - changing sequence of activities 11-151–11-157
  - increasing motivation 11-166
  - increasing resources 11-167–11-169
  - increasing working time 11-170–11-188
  - logic changes 11-158–11-163
  - omissions 11-146–11-150
  - using different method of working 11-164, 11-165
- standard form provisions 11-021–11-092
Regularly
- meaning 11-011–11-013
Re-measurement
- build-only contract 3-028
Re-measurement contracts
- risk 2-036
Reporting
- meaning 9-005
- standard form provisions 9-033–9-060
Request for further information 22-151–22-154
Retrospective delay analysis 7-077
Residential occupiers
- adjudication in UK 23-0455–23-047
Resource-based planning
- lost productivity, and 17-019–17-024
Resource monitoring 9-097–9-104
Revision
- meaning 9-002
- standard form provisions 9-033–9-060
RIBA Plan of Work 2013 3-015
Ripple
- lost productivity, and 17-083–17-085
Risk 2-001–2-193
- acts of prevention 2-046
- advice on 2-014
- allocation 2-103–2-015, 2-038–2-164
- bespoke form, and 2-044
- biddability see Biddability risk
- buildablity see Buildability risk
- categorisation 2-017
- commercial negotiation 2-041
- complex projects 2-004
- computerised simulation 2-061–2-063
- conflicting interests of parties 2-040
- construction see Construction risk
- design see Design risk
- design and build contracts 3-034, 3-035
- dispute see Dispute risk
- distribution 2-042
- financial see Financial risk
- fitness for purpose, and 2-049, 2-050
- high-rise building projects 2-005
- identifying 2-016
- ill-considered transference 2-025
- influence of variables 2-012, 2-013
- insurable 2-150–2-162
- JCT forms 2-019, 2-020
- judicial interpretations of common law and statute 2-047
- legal see Legal risk
- management 2-015, 2-016
- management contracting 2-037
- managing risk of change 2-031
- obligations of professional and tradesman 2-048
- political see Political risk
- probability estimates 2-059, 2-060
- project planning and programming 2-051–2-062
- reasonable skill and care 2-049
- registers 2-033
- re-measurement contracts 2-036
- responsibilities of parties 2-038
- sources 2-010, 2-011
- standard form provisions 2-018–2-037
  - clarity, need for 2-026
  - delay, meaning 2-027
  - first reference 2-023
  - inconsistency 2-035, 2-036
  - interpretational problems 2-027–2-029
  - placing risks on developer 2-032
- statistics 2-001–2-003
- theories of apportionment 2-043
Risk allocation
- tort, and 2-169

Schedule 1-025
Schedule logic 7-078
Scheduling
- see also “Critical path method”
- approval and presentation
  - activity-based CPM schedule 8-002, 8-034
  - complex projects 8-002
  - computer programmes 8-001
  - contract requirements 8-005
  - contract specification 8-003, 8-004
  - CPM-based algorithms 8-002
  - electronic information 8-004
  - engineering contracts 8-004
  - generally, 8-001
  - line of balance charts 8-020
  - management information 8-004
  - methods, 8-002
  - milestone charts 8-029–8-032
  - network diagrams, 8-033, 8-034
  - network planning techniques 8-035
  - precedence diagrams 8-043
  - resource loading 8-002
  - software 8-002
  - specifications 8-006
  - standard form contracts 8-004
  - time change diagrams 8-027, 8-028
- Page 1150
  
  contract administrators 7-010
- delay analysis 7-002
- development process 7-025
- excusable delay 7-008
- late 8-005
- planning
  - detailed 7-024
  - execution, of 7-019
  - extent 7-016
  - familiarisation 7-021
  - ineffective 7-018
  - outline plan 7-022
  - personal 7-017
  - process 7-015
  - strategic plan 7-023
- programming 7-025
- progress monitoring 9-004, 9-086
  - accepted methods 9-090
  - comparison 9-094
  - CTS
  - purpose 9-089
  - target CPM 9-096
- reporting 9-005
- updating 9-069
SCL Protocol 1-004, 1-005, 10-014–10-044
- calculating entitlement to extension of time 10-036
- complex scheduling and record-keeping equipment 10-042
- concurrent causes of delay 10-040
- contemporaneous project control 10-019
- critical path network 10-023
- float 10-037
- identification of activities 10-024
- information 10-025
- managing effects of delay 10-016
- measurement of interim extensions of time 10-018
- nature of 10-015
- objection to electronic access to schedule 10-031
- public health guide, as 10-043
- record-keeping 10-026, 10-027
- retrospective analysis 10-017
- schedule and records 10-020
- update of contractor’s schedule 10-028–10-030
Scott schedules 14-208–14-215
Second notice 5-081–5-089
Sectional completion 7-098–7-109
Sequencing problems 2-111
Service of notice 5-097–5-109
- business day 5-105, 5-106
- company names, and 5-098
- copy to third party 5-099–5-101
- deemed 5-106–5-108
- fax 5-103
- named person 5-102
- personal 5-104
Settlement 22-057–22-064
- ad hoc negotiations 22-057
- duress, and see Duress
- enforceability 22-064
- failure of negotiations 22-059, 22-060
- strategies 22-058
- without prejudice communications 22-061
Simple projects
- characteristics 3-004
Site restrictions
- lost productivity, and 17-081, 17-082
Smoke and mirrors 14-253–14-264
Soft-spots 4-145
Special circumstances 4-052
Specified perils 2-150, 2-151
Staff costs
- damages, and 21-058–21-067
Staffing
- lost productivity, and 17-035–17-037
Standard clauses of delay 4-028–4-266
Standard form provisions
- change 12-030–12-157
- float 16-058–16-072
- liquidated damages 21-225–21-227
- mitigation 11-021–11-092
- monitoring 9-033–9-060
- programming 8-050–8-091
- record-keeping 13-135–13-159
- recovery 11-021–11-092
- reporting 9-033–9-060
- revision 9-033–9-060
- risk 2-018–2-037
Standard form provisions for time and cost 4-001–4-366
- extensions of time 4-005–4-008
- variation 4-004
Standard form requirements for programmes 7-179–7-247
- defined provisional sums 7-193
- desirable standards 7-208
- inadequacy of 7-179, 7-180
- interfacing, reality of 7-219
- monitoring 7-209, 7-210
- scheduling 7-182–7-204
Standard forms
- editing 2-074–2-077
- mismanagement of time, and 1-007
Statements of case 22-123–22-129
- amendment 22-147–22-150
- striking out 22-155–22-159
Statement of claim 22-001–22-008, 22-130–22-136
Statutory compensation schemes 2-181, 2-182
Statutory duties 2-165–2-193
Statutory undertaker 4-174
- tort, and 2-185–2-188
Strategic plan 7-023
Strikes 4-241–40253
Page 1151

Structured reading
- meaning 13-228
Subcontractors
- construction risk, and 2-136–2-138
Subcontractor’s programmes 7-059–7-067
Suspension of works
- causation, and 14-088–14-098

Target costs 3-056–3-059
Target CPM programme monitoring 9-091–9-096
Target programme 7-028–7-037
Temporary works
- damages, and 21-098, 21-099
Tender programme 7-028–7-037, 7-043–7-046
Terminology 1-019–1-034
Terms of contract
- causation, and 14-134–14-159
Terrorism 4-248, 4-251
The contractor 1-021
The developer 1-022
The works 1-024
Time and cost
- standard form provisions 4-001–4-366
Time at large 6-106–6-129
- completion prevented, when 6-114–6-129
- no contract completion date under contract 6-112, 6-113
- no contract, where 6-108–6-111
Time-bar clauses
- mandatory laws, and 25-010–25-012
Time chainage diagram 8-027, 8-028
Time contingencies 16-044–16-057
Time impact analysis 15-149–15-163
Time management
- guide to good practice 7-006
- level of advance 2-006
- standard of education and training 7-005
- standards 2-008
Tort 2-165–2-193
- basic concept 2-165
- developer and third parties 2-168
- economic loss 2-106, 2-170
- essential elements 2-165
- negligence by third-party local authorities 2-172–2-179
- remoteness of damage 2-167
- risk allocation, and 2-169
- special relationship 2-106
- statutory undertaker 2-185–2-188
- utilities 2-185–2-188
Total float 16-022–16-042
- ad hoc creation 16-088–16-096
- belongs to contractor 16-123–16-133
- belongs to developer 16-120–16-122
- belongs to first to get to it 16-134–16-150
- contingency, interpretation as 16-097–16-119
  - absence of completion constraint on planned work 16-100–16-106
  - applied completion constraint upon placed work 16-103–16-106
  - applied fixed lag between unconstrained milestones 16-110–16-112
  - contract duration bar 16-115–16-119
  - non-driving link between applied constraints 16-107–16-109
  - time contingency activity 16-113, 16-114
Total loss claim 19-001–19-072
- defence to 19-030–19-039
- difficulties 19-009–19-012
- permissible, when 19-022
Total time claim 19-001–19-072
- defence to 19-017–19-020
- difficulties 19-009–19-012
- meaning 19-013
Trade stacking
- lost productivity, and 17-086, 17-087
Trade usage
- implied terms, and 2-083

Unabsorbed overheads
- damages, and 21-146–21-158
Undefined provisional sums 12-101
Unforeseeable physical conditions 4-144–4-163
- adverse ground conditions or artificial obstructions 4-152
- artificial obstructions 4-157
- latent conditions 4-154
- objective approach 4-150
- soft-spots 4-145
- subjective approach 4-149
Unjust enrichment 21-194
Updating
- meaning 9-003
- standard form provisions 9-033–9-060
US government procurement contracts 1-015
Utilities
- tort, and 2-185–2-188

Value engineering 12-154–12-157
Variation 12-001–12-197
- see also Change
- ambiguities 12-110–12-135
- definition 12-032–12-036, 12-038, 12-043, 12-048, 12-049, 12-056, 12-059
- discrepancies 12-110–12-135
- divergences 12-110–12-135
- drawings 12-019
- extra work 12-026, 12-027
- instruction, definition 12-055
- legitimate power to instruct 12-015
- lost productivity, and 17-028–17-045
- necessary work 12-023, 12-024
- omissions 12-136–12-153
- post-contract design 12-021
- price 12-017
- Page 1152
  
  right of reasonable objection 12-050
- standard form provisions 12-030–12-157
VATFP 17-012, 17-013
Visual aids 9-161–9-175
- activity lists 9-167
- assessment tables 9-168
- bar charts 9-169–9-171
- cascade diagrams 9-167
- computer printouts 9-167
- computer-generated visualisations 13-249
- descriptive visualisations 9-162, 13-188, 14-250
- electronic spreadsheets, 9-175
- evidential visualisations 9-165, 13-191
- graphs 9-172–9-174
- histograms 9-169
- illustrative visualisations 9-164, 13-190, 14-252
- introductory visualisations 9-163, 13-189, 14-251
- probative value 9-161
- progress reports 9-150–9-160
Visualisations
- computer-generated 13-249
- descriptive 9-162, 13-188, 14-250
- evidential 9-165, 13-191
- illustrative 9-164, 13-190, 14-252
- introductory 9-163, 13-189, 14-251
Voluntary change 12-002

War 4-249–4-252
Watersheds
- analytical method 15-164–15-175
Weather 4-121–4-143
- actual effect of conditions 4-139
- average 4-132–4-135
- causation 4-133
- construction risk, and 2-140, 2-141
- exceptionally inclement 4-123, 4-127–4-129
- force majeure, and 4-142
- inclement 4-124–4-126
- information via internet 4-131
- measurement 4-136, 4-137
- the force of nature, and 4-141
- variable conditions 4-121
Windows
- analytical method 15-164–15-175
Work content 7-110–7-115
Work content monitoring 9-144–9-149
Working programme 7-047–7-054

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Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts

Page 1137

INDEX

INDEX

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