Lloyd's Shipping & Trade Law

It is quite common in shipments of dry bulk cargoes like grains, ores, minerals, fertilisers and coal to report shortages at the destination. In play are often non-fortuitous causes such as "paper shortages", loss of moisture during the voyage, and normal and inevitable spillages during loading, along with instances of short loading.

Forum non conveniens stays and in rem security

Privity: precaution in vessel arrest