i-law

Maritime Cabotage Law

Page 297

Index

Index

  • A
  • Africa 10, 40, 60, 271
    • Maritime Transport Charter (1994) 215, 216, 269
    • see also individual countries
  • African Union 2, 30, 35, 59
  • air transport 4–5, 84, 93, 110, 253
  • Alaska 114, 247
  • American Maritime Partnership (AMP) 19
  • analytic jurisprudence 14
  • APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Corporation) 50n38
  • Arctic region 242–8, 264
    • Arctic Council 242–3, 246, 247
    • categories of commercial ship traffic 245
  • ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 2, 50n38, 160, 171, 269
  • Asia 24–5, 30, 46–8, 60–1
    • crisis (1997/8) 47, 48, 49–50, 78–9
    • Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) region 84
    • hazardous waste 266
    • shipbuilding 15, 41, 118, 127, 166, 253
    • see also individual countries
  • Australia 82
    • analysis of new regime 237–9
    • Australian International Shipping Register (AISR) 231, 237–8, 256–7
    • Coastal Trading (Revitalising Australian Shipping) Act 2012 228–39
    • CSL Australia Pty Ltd v. Minister for Infrastructure & Transport and Braemar Seascope Pty Ltd 235–7
    • CSL Australia Pty Ltd v. Minister for Infrastructure & Transport and Rio Tinto Pty Ltd 233–5
    • emergency licence 232
    • Fair Work Act 2009 229–30, 233, 238
    • foreign crew wages 229–30, 232–3
    • freight rates 230, 234, 235, 239
    • general licence 231, 237–8
    • Harper Review (2015) 230
    • international relay scheme 273
    • judicial decisions 232–9
    • Maritime Union of Australia & Ors, Re
    • Ex parte CSL Pacific Shipping Inc 232–3
    • temporary licence 231–2, 233–7, 239
  • D
  • definition: of international law 22–5
    • and scope of maritime cabotage 6–8, 107–8
  • delimitation, maritime 8–9, 95, 244
    • South China Sea see separate entry
  • Denmark 14, 212
  • dependence theory see international dependence revolution theory of development
  • developing countries 10, 28, 30, 104
    • 1974 UNCTAD Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences 88
    • comparative advantage 50, 57
    • development, theories of see separate entry
    • international institutions perspective 100
    • mainland cabotage 88, 89
    • national framework of development 39
    • ship recycling 265
    • see also individual countries
  • development, theories of 45–51, 64–5
    • Chenery model 53, 55–6
    • false-paradigm model 58–60
    • free market approach 61–2
    • international dependence revolution 56–60
    • Lewis model 53–5
    • linear stages 51–3, 55
    • market-friendly approach 63–4
    • neo-colonial dependence model 56–8
    • neoclassical counterrevolution 60–4
    • public choice approach 62–3
    • structural change 53–6
  • developmental sovereignty 14–16
    • national framework of development 39–41
    • role of national and regional governments 43–4
    • theory of 37–44, 93, 106, 109, 143, 274

  • Page 299

    Doha Round 5, 28, 102, 154
  • dualism 58
  • E
  • economic crisis (2008-2015) 48–9, 62–3
  • economic development and competition law, concepts of 66–7
    • bespoke competition law framework 71
    • government regulation, influence and intervention 78–9
    • infant industry 75, 76
    • review of interface between 67–76
    • state aid 68, 77–8, 79
  • Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) region 84
  • economies of scale 34, 36, 84, 94, 110, 171, 269
  • Egypt 24
  • elites 59
  • England 10–11, 26, 211
    • closed sea policy 99
    • island cabotage 85
    • open sea policy 99–100
    • Richard II 2, 3, 10, 93, 211
  • environment 254–5
  • Eurocentrism 22, 23, 24
  • Europe 57, 88, 89, 253
    • economic crisis (2008-2015) 49
    • see also individual countries
  • European Union 2, 50n38, 128, 269, 271–2
  • European Union and liberal approach for member states 13–14, 18, 30, 35, 42, 80–1, 83, 84–5, 87, 94, 104–5, 128, 157, 181–210
    • Agip Petroli SPA v. Capitaneria di Porto di Siracusa et seq 198–200
    • Alpina and Nicko Tours v Chioggia Port Authority 123, 186–91
    • certificate from flag state 192, 193–5
    • Commission v. France 190–1
    • Commission v. Greece (2004) 191–8
    • Commission v. Greece (2007) 200–4
    • Commission v. Spain 204–10
    • definition of island 196–7
    • definition of port 189–90, 207
    • definition of sea 188, 189, 205–6
    • manning of cruise liners 192, 197–8
    • maritime transport services in Vigo estuary 204–10
    • towage services in open sea 200–4
  • evolutionary synthesis see public international law and maritime cabotage law, development of
  • exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 8, 17, 98, 112, 160, 176, 177, 178
  • F
  • false-paradigm model 58–60
  • Faroe Islands 242
  • features of maritime cabotage law 249–50
    • building and repairing of vessels see separate entry
    • crew requirement see separate entry
    • future see separate entry
    • ownership requirement see separate entry
    • registration of vessels see separate entry
  • Finland 242
  • Fisher-Clark model 54
  • flexible approach 2, 15, 18, 32, 34, 60, 80–1, 108–11, 220
    • Australia 228–39
    • Chile 239–41
    • India 43, 60, 222–5
    • Malaysia 34, 43, 225–7
    • mare liberum, mare clausum and de dominio maris 97
    • Russia 220–2
    • theory of developmental sovereignty 41, 42–3
    • uncertainty 42–3
  • foreign investment 48, 52, 75
  • France 11–12, 35, 183, 184
  • free market approach 61–2
  • freedom of the seas 25, 26, 27
    • mare liberum, mare clausum and de dominio maris 3, 33–4, 96–100, 109

  • Page 300

    future directions 268
    • harmonized international maritime cabotage concept 268–74
  • future features of maritime cabotage law 262
    • ship classification requirement 262–4
    • ship recycling requirement 262, 265–7
  • G
  • G7 49
  • GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) 102
  • GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 101, 102–3, 125, 128
  • general cabotage 80, 82, 83
    • definition 89
    • multi-regulatory conflict 90
  • Gentili, Alberico 26
  • Germany 77
  • global corporations 101
  • globalization 56
    • role in development of maritime cabotage law 35–6
  • governance 76
  • government regulation, influence and intervention 78–9
  • grand cabotage 6, 10, 11
  • grants and loans 76, 77
  • Greece 14, 35, 49, 184
  • greenhouse gases 90
  • Greenland 242, 247
  • Grotius, Hugo 3, 26, 33–4, 97–8, 100, 109
  • Guam 114
  • Gulf of Guinea 242
  • H
  • Hague-Visby Rules 31–2
  • harmonized international maritime cabotage concept 268–74
  • Harrod-Domar growth model 52
  • Hawaii 114
  • hazardous waste 266
  • high seas 3, 9, 21–2, 95, 96, 97–8
    • Arctic region 244
  • historical review 9–14
  • Hittites 24
  • Hong Kong 10, 46–7, 60–1, 157, 158
  • human resource development 17, 76
  • I
  • Iceland 242
  • ICTSI Group 164
  • immigration law 1, 8, 32, 93, 108
  • India 14, 24–5, 82, 262
    • autarkic approach 60
    • flexible approach 43, 60, 222–5
    • indigenous shipowners 224, 225
    • international relay scheme 273
    • mainland cabotage 89
    • ship recycling 265, 266
  • indigenous peoples: Arctic Indigenous Communities (AIC) 242–3
  • Indonesia 24–5, 34, 273
  • industrialization 50, 53–5, 76, 107
  • infant industry 75, 76
  • innocent passage by foreign vessel 16
  • innovation 73, 75, 76
  • International Chambers of Shipping (ICS) 247
  • International Competition Network (ICN) 74
  • International Competition Policy Advisory Committee (ICPAC) 70
  • International Court of Justice (ICJ) 178, 271
    • Statute: sources of international law 31
  • international dependence revolution theory of development 56, 100
    • false-paradigm model 58–60
    • neo-colonial dependence model 56–8
  • international finance 48
  • international institutions perspective 100–5
  • international law see public international law and maritime cabotage law, development of
  • International Law Commission 21
  • international law theory on maritime cabotage law 94–6
  • international maritime cabotage bank (IMCB) 271
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF) 46, 47, 49–50, 101
  • international relay scheme 30, 272–4
  • International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) 101
  • Iraq 94
  • Ireland 49
  • island cabotage 80–1, 83–7, 109
  • Italy 14, 35, 184, 200
    • islands 84–5
  • ius gentium 25
  • K
  • knowledge transfer 50
  • N
  • NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 2, 50n38, 128, 134–5, 269
  • nation states 22
  • national economic development 17, 18–19, 35, 37, 92, 105, 249
    • competition law 71, 75
    • framework of development 39–41
    • international relay scheme 272
    • liberal regime in New Zealand 219
    • liberal regime in United Kingdom 212
    • ownership requirement 259, 260
    • productivity growth 73
    • protectionist approach 41, 157, 158
    • registration of ships 256
    • ship classification 264
    • ship recycling 266–7
    • shipbuilding 251, 252, 253
    • theoretical framework of maritime cabotage 93–4
    • see also economic development and competition law, concepts of
  • national government role: theory of developmental sovereignty 43–4
  • national security 8, 15, 17–18, 29, 30, 92, 94, 96, 249
  • national treatment principle 101–2
  • nationalism 27, 34–5
  • neo-colonial dependence model 56–8
  • neoclassical counterrevolution theory of development 60–1
    • free market approach 61–2
    • market-friendly approach 63–4
    • public choice approach 62–3

  • Page 302

    Netherlands 11, 14, 35
    • inland waterways 89–90
    • open coast policy 99, 184
  • New Zealand 8
  • Nigeria 14, 35, 38–9, 82
    • analysis of law 143–4
    • Coastal and Inland Shipping (Cabotage) Act No. 5 of 2003 135–44
    • crew requirement 136, 261, 262
    • dredging 143
    • drilling rigs 140–1
    • general cabotage 90
    • indigenous shipowners 135, 138–43
    • ISAN and Pokat v. MBX 138–9
    • mainland cabotage 89, 90
    • multi-regulatory conflict 90
    • Niger Delta crisis 18
    • Noble Drilling v. NIMASA and Minister of Transport 140–1
    • ownership of vessels 39, 41, 135, 136–7, 258
    • Polmaz Limited v. Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation 141–3
    • protectionist approach 103, 104, 135–44
    • rebuilt vessels 136
    • registration of vessels 39, 41, 113, 135, 136, 255
    • shipbuilding 39, 136, 143–4, 250–1, 252, 253
    • surcharge of 2per cent137
    • theory of developmental sovereignty 15, 41
    • triangular dimension 138–9
    • waivers 136, 137, 253
  • normative jurisprudence 14
  • North America 30, 269 see also individual countries
  • Norway 14, 35, 184
  • P
  • Pacific region 30
    • Economic and Social Commission for Asia and (ESCAP) 84
  • Pakistan 265
  • Panama 104
  • patterns of development empirical analysis/Chenery model 53, 55–6
  • Persia 23
  • petit cabotage 6, 11–12
  • Petrobras 165
  • Philippines 57, 167–71, 172–3
    • exemptions 168, 170–1
    • freight costs 170, 171
    • mainland cabotage 88
    • ownership of vessels 168, 258
    • ship classification 263–4
  • Philippines v. China 3, 33, 160, 171–9, 243
    • aggravation of dispute between parties 177–8
    • Chinese activities 177
    • ‘nine-dash line’ and China’s claim to historic rights 159, 175
    • status of features in South China Sea 175–6
  • piracy 94
  • pollution 118, 143, 153, 244, 245, 246, 272
  • Pontanus, Jan 3, 97–8
  • port, definition of 123, 189–90
  • Port State Control (PSC) 3
  • Portugal 10, 183
    • islands 84–5
  • pragmatism 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 84, 85, 99
  • privatization 69, 75
  • product alteration 124–5
  • productivity 47, 53, 54, 73, 74, 75, 233
  • protectionism and liberalization 18, 46–50, 79, 101, 219, 241
    • closed conference system 88
    • infant industry 75
    • WTO 101–2
  • protectionist approach 2, 10–14, 18, 19, 28, 30, 38–9, 108–11, 112
    • African Union 59
    • Brazil 110, 162–7
    • Britain in nineteenth century 12, 27, 42, 99–100
    • Canada 102, 104, 105, 112, 129–35
    • China 102, 104, 105, 127, 154–61
    • competition law 74
    • domestic freight costs and 80, 105
    • economic development and competition law 69
    • indigenous shipowners and shipbuilders 25, 39, 89, 93
    • Indonesia 39, 82, 104, 144–50
    • international relay scheme 274
    • intersection of internationality and

      Page 303

      national maritime frontiers 34–5
    • Japan 94, 102, 104, 105, 151–4
    • legal habitat of maritime cabotage law 32
    • mainland cabotage 89
    • mare liberum, mare clausum and de dominio maris 97
    • Nigeria 103, 104, 135–44
    • OECD dimension 103–5
    • one country-one approach 80–1, 83
    • Philippines 167–71, 172–3
    • political tool 29
    • public service schemes 82, 87
    • South Africa: inclination to adopt 214–16
    • state aid 77
    • theoretical framework of maritime cabotage law 93–4
    • theory of developmental sovereignty 15, 41
    • United States, protectionist approach of see separate entry
    • WTO dimension 102–3, 125, 128
  • public choice approach 62–3
  • public international law and maritime cabotage law, development of 20–2
    • comparative overview 25–30
    • international law 22–5
    • intersection of internationality and national maritime frontiers 33–5
    • legal habitat 31–3
    • role of globalization in development of maritime cabotage law 35–6
  • public service compensations (PSCs) 81
  • public service contacts (PSCs) 81, 85–6, 209–10
  • public service obligations (PSOs) 81, 85–6, 209–10
  • Puerto Rico 114
  • Q
  • quantitative easing 49
  • R
  • Ramses II 24
  • raw materials 57
  • recycling requirement 262, 265–7
  • regionalization 28, 30, 32, 35, 79, 160, 249
    • Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) region 84
    • mega-regional maritime cabotage system 269–72
    • protectionism 50, 59
    • South African Development Community (SADC) 215, 215–16
    • sub-regional framework first 84
    • theory of developmental sovereignty 43–4, 50
    • see also European Union
  • registration of vessels 18, 36, 39, 41, 78, 112, 250, 253–7
  • regulatory approaches 106–8
    • flexible approach see separate entry
    • liberal approach see separate entry
    • protectionist approach see separate entry
  • research and development 57
  • Reunion Island 85
  • Richard II 2, 3, 10, 93, 211
  • road and rail 4, 5, 82, 89–90, 93, 110, 143, 153, 185, 253, 272
    • islands 84
  • rock salt market 127–8
  • Roman legal philosophy 96
  • Rostow, W. 51, 52
  • Rotterdam Rules 5
  • Russia 13, 178
  • S
  • safety, maritime 177
  • scope of maritime cabotage 6–8, 107–8
  • Scotland 11, 211
  • Selden, John 3, 34, 97, 98, 100, 109
  • services sector 54, 60, 213
  • ship classification requirement 262–4
  • ship recycling requirement 262, 265–7
  • shipbuilding see building and repairing of vessels
  • Singapore 46–7, 60–1
    • Shipowners Association (SSA) 144, 148
  • Smith, Adam 211
  • sources: of international law 31–2
    • of maritime cabotage law 32–3, 94
  • South Africa: inclination to adopt protectionist approach 214–16
  • South African Development Community (SADC) 215–16
  • South America 30 see also individual countries
  • South China Sea 3, 159–61, 171–9
    • aggravation of dispute between parties 177–8
    • Chinese activities in 177
    • ‘nine-dash line’ and China’s claim to historic rights 159, 175
    • status of features in 160, 175–6

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    South Korea 46, 47, 60–1, 111, 154, 252
    • mainland cabotage 88
  • sovereign rights 16–17, 30, 94, 98–9
  • sovereignty 1, 2, 4, 7–8, 10, 15, 16, 28–9, 30, 92, 108, 249
    • Arctic region 243, 244
    • China 157–8
    • developmental see separate entry
    • international law in seventeenth century 27
    • law of the sea 94, 95–6
    • liberal approach and 105
    • mare liberum, mare clausum and de dominio maris 96–100
    • merchant fleet, size of 88
    • no one state can claim 242–8
    • regional member states 32, 94
    • South China Sea 159–60
    • territorial sea 16, 30, 95, 96, 98, 159–60
    • United States 103
  • Soviet Union 46, 47
  • Spain 14, 35, 49, 184
  • Sri Lanka 225
  • state aid 68, 77–8, 79, 81, 83
  • steel 265
  • structural change development theory 53
    • Chenery model 53, 55–6
    • Lewis model 53–5
  • subsidies 69, 76, 78, 79, 241
  • subsistence sector 53, 54–5, 57
  • Sumerian kingdoms 23–4
  • surplus labour/Lewis model 53–5
  • sustainable development 15, 215, 247
    • theory of developmental sovereignty 38
  • Sweden 242
  • T
  • Taiwan 46, 47, 60–1
  • taxation 36, 96
  • territorial sea 3, 7–8, 9, 10, 95
    • 1958 Conference on the Law of the Sea 21
    • Arctic region 244
    • eighteenth century 27
    • Pontanus 97–8
    • seventeenth century 27
    • South China Sea 159–60, 176
    • sovereignty 16, 30, 95, 96, 98, 159–60
    • UNCLOS 1982 8, 98, 160, 176
  • terrorism 94
  • Thailand 144
  • theoretical framework of maritime cabotage law 92–4
    • international institutions perspective 100–5
    • international law theory 94–6
    • mare liberum, mare clausum and de dominio maris 96–100
  • theories of development see development, theories of
  • theory of developmental sovereignty 37–44, 93, 106, 109, 143, 274
  • three-mile rule 98
  • training 17, 41, 59, 78
  • Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) 269–70
  • Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) 116, 269–70
  • transitional economies, Asian 47–8
  • Turkey 13, 23, 81, 265
  • two sector/Lewis model 53–5
  • V
  • Van Bynkershoek, Cornelius 3, 97, 98
  • Venezuela 88
  • Z
  • Zeno, Constitution of 68–9

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