Litigation in the Technology and Construction Court

Adam Constable KC; Lucy Garrett and Calum Lamont

Document

Page 257

Index

absence of evidence 3.22
acceleration claims 5.46–5.53
achieving milestones 4.51
Acknowledgement of Service 2.10
addition of other parties 2.16
adjournment 10.12–10.16
adjudication 1.5, 9.1–9.26;
- after the adjudication 9.10–9.18;
- before the adjudication 9.2–9.4;
- dispute resolution 1.5;
- during the adjudication 9.5–9.9;
- introduction 9.1;
- stays of execution 9.19–9.26
administrative matters 3.77–3.78
ADR see alternative dispute resolution
after the adjudication 9.10–9.18
Akenhead J 4.73, 4.124, 5.26, 10.20
alternative dispute resolution 2.16, 10.1–10.32;
- cost sanctions 10.25–10.29;
- early neutral evaluation 10.30–10.31;
- enforcement of contractual schemes 10.5–10.11;
- and general case management 10.22–10.24;
- introduction 10.1–10.2;
- jurisdiction, adjournment, stay? 10.12–10.16;
- mediation 10.32;
- and Pre-action Protocol 10.17–10.21;
- what ADR is 10.3–10.4
ambush 9.8
apparent bias 11.17
appeal 2.51–2.52, 11.20–11.25
appeal bundles 3.76
applications 3.64–3.66;
- to lift automatic suspension 7.7–7.18
appointing experts 6.34–6.37
approach to consideration of costs budgets 8.19–8.23
Arbitral Tribunal 11.7, 11.14, 11.16
arbitration 11.1–11.25;
- appeal 11.20–11.25;
- extension of time limits 11.10–11.12;
- introduction 11.1–11.2;
- jurisdiction of arbitrator 11.8–11.9;
- powers in relation to procedure 11.13–11.19;
- stay of proceedings 10.3–10.7
arbitration v litigation 1.6–1.11
as-built programme 2.34, 4.65–4.66
as-planned critical path 4.115–4.116;
- relevance 4.115–4.116
as-planned programme 4.55–4.57
authorities in pleading requirements 4.21–4.23
automatic injunction 7.2, 7.10, 7.17–7.18

‘balance of interests’ test 7.12
bankruptcy 9.22
Barry, David 4.150
baseline programme 2.34, 4.55–4.57
before the adjudication 9.2–9.4
best practice 3.78
Beware the Dark Arts 4.150
bilateral nature of arbitration 1.10
black box delay analysis 4.154
breach 2.7, 2.12, 6.8, 6.25
Brexit referendum 7.5
Briggs LJ 10.28
bringing a challenge 7.21
Brooke LJ 3.9
burden of proof 4.24–4.25
Business and Property Courts 1.1, 1.4, 3.3
‘but for’ test 4.2

calling witnesses 3.24–3.25
Case Management Conference 2.15–2.17, 3.61–3.63
Case Management Information Sheet 2.16
causation 2.12, 3.31, 4.128
Centre for Dispute Resolution 10.6
challenging presentation of defects claims 6.24–6.33
changing baseline 4.63–4.64
‘chess-clock’ arrangement 2.46
choosing an expert 3.33–3.35;
- see also appointing experts
Civil Procedure Rules 2.8, 2.14, 4.19–4.20, 8.15–8.16, 9.21;
- Part 16.4 4.19;
- Part 25.1 6.40;
- Part 35.10(3) 3.36, 3.42;
- Part 35.12 6.19;
- Part 35.9 6.40;
- Part 62 11.24;
- Rule 44.2(8)8.24
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Claim Form 2.6–2.10, 3.61, 8.28, 9.11–9.12, 10.19, 11.24
claim overview see overview of a claim
CMC see Case Management Conference
coaching of witnesses 2.47
Colman J. 4.7
commencement of proceedings 2.8–2.10
completing delay claim process 4.106–4.109
completion date 4.17, 4.96–4.99;
- constraints on 4.96–4.99
completion of proceedings 2.16
complex critical path 4.111–4.114
complexities of defending a claim 4.110–4.116;
- complex/multiple critical paths 4.111–4.114;
- relevance of critical path at particular points 4.115–4.116
compliance 2.10, 3.42–3.47, 7.13
conciliation 10.4
concurrent delay 4.112
confidential information 7.36–7.55
constraints 4.96–4.99
construction delays 4.1–4.2
contractor critical delay-related claims 5.11–5.31;
- increased costs due to inflation 5.31;
- introduction 5.11–5.13;
- loss of profit claims 5.30;
- overheads claims 5.23–5.29;
- preliminaries/prolongation cost claims 5.14–5.22
contractor delay-related claims under contract 5.2–5.10;
- different tests for time and money 5.3;
- introduction 5.2;
- notice 5.10;
- relevance of contractual provisions 5.4–5.7;
- relevance of tender pricing 5.8–5.9
contractor preference 4.102
contractor-risk event 4.18, 4.112
contractual ADR schemes 10.5–10.11
contractual notice provisions 4.126–4.127
contractual provisions re valuation 5.4–5.7
contractual requirements for prospective approach 4.37–4.46
controlling presentation of defects claims 6.24–6.33
cost of arbitration 1.8
cost sanctions 10.25–10.29
costs budgeting 2.16, 8.1–8.29;
- approach to consideration of 8.19–8.23;
- and interim payments 8.23–8.26;
- introduction 8.1–8.8;
- practical considerations 8.27–8.29;
- presentation 8.9–8.14; timing 8.15–8.18
costs of inflation 5.31
Coulson J 3.16, 9.10, 9.13–9.16, 9.18, 9.26, 10.15, 10.23–10.24
Coulson on Construction Adjudication 9.10, 9.23
Court Settlement Process 10.32
CPR see Civil Procedure Rules
critical delay 4.4
critical path 4.71–4.87
critical path analysis 4.87
cross-examination 2.33, 3.6, 3.18–3.19, 3.21–3.22, 3.28, 3.31, 3.35, 3.58, 3.74, 5.28
crystallisation 9.2
custodians 2.22

DB see Dispute Adjudication Board
date of trial 2.164.102
de-duplification 2.22, 2.24, 3.70, 3.73
‘death by a thousand cuts’ 4.28
declaratory relief 7.6
defects claims 6.1–6.44;
- controlling presentation 6.24–6.33;
- defending the case 6.10–6.23;
- general nature of defect claim 6.1–6.6;
- instructing appropriate expertise 6.34–6.44;
- prosecution a defects claim 6.7–6.9
Defence to Counterclaim 2.16
defending defects claims 6.10–6.23;
- liability defences 6.10–6.14;
- limitation 6.21–6.23;
- quantum defences 6.15–6.20
defending a delay claim 4.26–4.109;
- concluding the process 4.106–4.109;
- identifying critical path 4.71–4.87;
- identifying delay events 4.67–4.70;
- identifying how delay was caused 4.88–4.105;
- identifying period of delay 4.50–4.66;
- introduction 4.26–4.33;
- prospective or retrospective 4.34–4.49
defining critical path 4.71–4.72
defining disruption 5.32–5.33
delay analysis using baseline programme 4.58–4.62
delay claims 4.1–4.159;
- difficulties and complexities 4.110–4.116;
- frequent mistakes made 4.117–4.159;
- introduction 4.1–4.2;
- legal requirements 4.3–4.18;
- making/ defending in practice 4.26–4.109;
- pleading requirements 4.19–4.25
delay and disruption money claims 5.1–5.55;
- acceleration claims 5.46–5.53;
- contractor’s critical delay-related claims 5.11–5.31;
- contractor’s delay-related claims under contract 5.2–5.10;
- disruption claims 5.32–5.43;
- employer claims 5.54–5.55;
- introduction 5.1;
- subcontractor claims 5.44–5.45
delay events 4.67–4.70
delay statement 3.14
delayed critical path activity 4.92
deployment of evidence 3.1–3.3
detriment 9.5
different tests for time and money 5.3
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disclosure 2.16, 2.18–2.24, 7.19–7.35;
- early disclosure in procurement litigation 7.22–7.27;
- introductory matters 7.19–7.21;
- tactical considerations 7.28–7.35
Disclosure of Electronic Documents 2.21
discretionary stay 2.10
dismissal 11.25
disproportionate budgets 8.20
Dispute Adjudication Board 10.4
dispute resolution 1.5
Dispute Resolution Board 10.4
disruption claims 5.32–5.43;
- authorities 5.34–5.37;
- introduction 5.32–5.33;
- practicalities 5.38–5.41;
- ’thickening’ costs 5.42–5.43
disruption statement 3.14
documentary evidence 3.58–3.78;
- administrative matters 3.77–3.78;
- appeal bundles 3.76;
- applications 3.64–3.66;
- Case Management Conference 3.61–3.63;
- electronic trial bundles 3.72–3.75;
- trial 3.67–3.71
domestic arbitration 1.6, 1.11
DRB see Dispute Resolution Board
during the adjudication 9.5–9.9
Dyson LJ 2.38

e-disclosure 2.21–2.22
early disclosure in procurement 7.22–7.27
early neutral evaluation 10.4, 10.30–10.31, 11.1
Edwards-Stuart J 2.38, 9.5–9.7, 9.22
effect of constraint on successor activities 4.103–4.105
efficacy of ADR 10.22
electronic programme-based analysis 4.144-4.159;
- logic links 4.145–4.148;
- methods 4.149–4.150;
- reliability of 4.151–4.159
electronic trial bundles 3.72–3.75
Emden formula 5.25–5.26
employer claims for delay 5.54–5.55
employer-risk event 4.18, 4.112, 5.40, 5.48
Employer’s Requirements 6.8, 6.23
encouragement to settle disputes 10.1–10.2
ENE see early neutral evaluation
enforcement of contractual ADR schemes 10.5–10.11
EOT see extension of time clauses
equitable discretion 11.3
establishing how event caused delay 4.88–4.105;
- contractor preference 4.102;
- constraints between follow-on activities 4.96–4.99;
- effect of constraints 4.103–4.105;
- introduction 4.88–4.95;
- physical constraints 4.100;
- resource constraints 4.101
establishing liability 4.118–4.120
EU Court of Justice 7.27
European Commission 7.9
evidence 3.1–3.78;
- documentary evidence 3.58-3.78;
- expert reports and joint statements 3.26–3.57;
- introduction 3.1–3.3;
- witness statements 3.4–3.25
evidence at trial 3.54–3.57, 4.128–4.129
expert determination 1.5
expert evidence 2.31–2.39, 4.143, 6.41–6.44
‘expert’ factual witnesses 3.8–3.12
expert meetings 3.48–3.53
expert reports 2.3, 2.16, 3.26–3.57;
- choosing an expert 3.33–3.35;
- compliance 3.42–3.47;
- evidence at trial 3.54–3.57;
- joint statements/expert meetings 3.48–3.53;
- need for independent expert 3.26–3.32;
- preparing an expert 3.36–3.41;
- reports 3.42–3.47
‘expert shopping’ 2.38–2.39
extension of time clauses 4.4–4.18, 4.138
extension of time limits for referral 11.10–11.12

factual causation of defect 4.32, 6.8
factual witness evidence 2.16, 4.130–4.142
fast track projects 4.60
FIDIC 5.2
finish-to-finish link 4.145
finish-to-start link 4.145
first Case Management Conference 2.15–2.17
fitness for purpose obligations 6.8
flagrant breach 10.12
float 4.17–4.18
focus on immediately affected activity only 4.121–4.122
focus on last event to delay completion 4.123–4.125
focus on liability only 4.118–4.120
follow-on activity constraints 4.96–4.99
frequent mistakes in practice 4.117–4.159;
- electronic programme-based analysis 4.144-4.159;
- evidence at trial 4.128–4.129;
- expert evidence 4.143;
- factual witness evidence 4.130–4.142;
- focus on immediately affected activity 4.121–4.122;
- focus on last delaying event 4.123–4.125;
- focus on liability only 4.118–4.120;
- ignoring contractual notice provisions 4.126–4.127;
- introduction 4.117
friendly discussion 10.10

general case management 10.22–10.24
general nature of defects claims 6.1–6.6
global claims 5.34–5.38
good faith negotiation 10.6, 10.10
Government Procurement Agreement 7.5
gross approach 4.124
group actions 1.3
Guidance Note for Public Procurement Cases 7.3

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Hamblen J. 4.11–4.12, 4.15
handling confidential information 7.36–7.55
Haroun and the Sea of Stories 4.155
head of cost 5.11–5.13
HHJ Toulmin CMG, QC 4.156
HHJ Wilcox 9.5–9.6
‘hired gun’ 3.38
HM Courts and Tribunals Service 1.12
hot-tubbing 2.48, 3.56–3.57
Hudson formula 5.25–5.26
Hughes LJ 2.38
hybrid applications 7.22, 9.18

ICE contracts 1.6, 1.11
identifying critical path 4.71–4.87;
- definition 4.71–4.72;
- importance in delay claims 4.73-4.80;
- in practice 4.81–4.87
identifying defects 6.8
identifying delay events 4.67–4.70
identifying period of delay in delay claim 4.50–4.66;
- as-built programme 4.65–4.66;
- as-planned or baseline programme 4.55-4.57;
- changing baseline 4.63–4.64;
- realism of baseline programme 4.58–4.62
ignoring contractual notice provisions 4.126–4.127
importance of critical path 4.73–4.80
incidental costs 2.5
increased costs from inflation 5.31
independence of experts 3.38, 6.41–6.44
ineffectiveness 7.4
inflation costs 5.31
ineffectiveness 7.4
insolvency 9.22
instructing appropriate expertise 6.34–6.44;
- appointment of experts 6.34–6.37;
- independence and quality of expert evidence 6.41–6.44;
- investigations 6.38–6.40
interim payments 8.24–8.26
interlocutory applications 7.1, 7.3
international cases 1.3
introduction to litigation 1.1–1.12;
- arbitration v litigation 1.6–1.11;
- dispute resolution 1.5;
- TCC guide 1.12;
- what the TCC is 1.1–1.4
introductory disclosure 7.19–7.21
investigations 6.38–6.40
Irish law 11.12
irregularity 11.21

Jackson ADR Handbook 10.27, 10.29
Jackson reforms 8.1–8.8
JCT contracts 1.6, 4.4, 4.38–4.39, 4.124, 5.3-5.4,5.10, 5.22, 5.36
joint statements 3.26–3.57;
- see also expert reports
judgment 2.50
jurisdiction 10.12–10.16
jurisdiction of arbitrator 11.8–11.9
‘jurisdictional’ argument 9.5
knock-on effect of delay 4.88–4.95

lack of credibility 4.48
landscape of construction dispute resolution 9.1
law of interpretative presumption 10.9
legal causation of defect 6.8
legal requirements in delay claims 4.3–4.18;
- extension of time clauses 4.4–4.18;
- float 4.17–4.18;
- prevention principle 4.13–4.16
Leggatt J 10.7
length of trial 2.16
liability defences 6.10–6.14
lifting automatic suspension 7.7–7.18
limitation 6.8, 6.21–6.23
liquidated damages 4.5, 4.24, 4.30, 4.138
logic links 4.145–4.148
Lord Denning 4.14, 10.11
Lord Drummond Young 4.157
Lord Hope 9.22
Lord Oliver 4.21–4.22, 4.88
loss 6.8
loss of profit claims 5.30

main programme obligations 2.12
making a delay claim 4.26–4.109;
- concluding the process 4.106–4.109;
- identifying critical path 4.71–4.87;
- identifying delay events 4.67–4.70;
- identifying how delay was caused 4.88–4.105;
- identifying period of delay 4.50–4.66;
- introduction 4.26–4.33;
- prospective or retrospective 4.34–4.49
material change 7.4, 7.17
mediation 2.4, 10.4, 10.32
methods of programme-based analysis 4.149–4.150
mitigation 4.32, 4.102, 5.49, 6.15
mock trial 2.47
Mr Justice Jackson 3.10
Mr Recorder Furst QC 10.26
multi-party disputes 1.10
multiple critical paths 4.111–4.114
Mustill & Boyd 11.5

narrative of performance 6.8
narrative statement 2.12
near-critical path 4.115–4.116
NEC contracts 1.11, 4.39, 5.4;
- NEC 3 4.39
need for independent expert 3.26–3.32
negligence 10.19
nexus 4.23, 4.68
non-binding recommendation 10.4
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notice 5.10
number of witnesses 3.4–3.7

O&M manuals 4.145
obligations 6.8
OCR see Optical Character Recognition
O’Farrell J 9.8
Office of the Government Commerce Response 7.12
Official Referees 1.1–1.2
OHP see overheads and profit percentage
one stop contractor 1.10
‘opinion’ evidence 4.141
Optical Character Recognition 3.74
outlier budgets 8.12
overhead claims 5.23–5.29
overheads and profit percentage 5.24
overview of a claim 2.1–2.52;
- appeal 2.51–2.52;
- commencement of proceedings 2.8–2.10;
- disclosure 2.18–2.24; expert evidence 2.31-2.39;
- first Case Management Conference 2.15–2.17;
- introduction 2.1;
- judgment 2.50;
- pleadings 2.11–2.14;
- pre-action phase 2.2-2.7;
- Pre-Trial Review 2.40; trial 2.41–2.49;
- witness statements 2.25–2.30

Part 18 Request for Further Information 2.16
Particulars of Claim 2.9, 2.12
parties 6.8
party autonomy 11.11
personal confidentiality 1.9, 7.36–7.55
personal injury 1.3
physical constraints 4.100
platform providers 2.21
pleading requirements in delay claims 4.19-4.25;
- authorities as to 4.21–4.23;
- burden of proof 4.24–4.25;
- Civil Procedure Rules 4.19–4.20
pleadings 2.11–2.14
policing presentation of defects claims 6.24–6.33
practical considerations of costs budgets 8.27–8.29
practicalities 5.38–5.41
Practice Direction 31B 2.21
Practice Direction 52 3.76
practice of identifying critical path 4.81–4.87
pre-action phase of litigation 2.2–2.7
Pre-Action Protocol for Construction and Engineering Disputes 2.2, 2.7, 10.17–10.21
pre-emptive declaration 9.13
Pre-Trial Review 2.17, 2.40
Precedent H schedules 8.4
preliminaries 5.14–5.22
preliminary issues 2.16
preparing an expert 3.36–3.41
presentation of costs budgets 8.9–8.14
prevention principle 4.13–4.16
Primavera 4.57, 4.143
principle of futility 10.7
principle of law of interpretative presumption 10.9
Privy Council 4.21–4.22
problems with prospective analysis 4.41–4.49
procedural aspects of arbitration 11.13–11.19
process of litigation 1.7
procurement litigation see public procurement litigation
Professional Negligence Pre-Action Protocol 2.2
Professional Standards Committee of the Bar Council 2.47
programme-based analysis 4.144–4.159;
- logic links 4.145–4.148;
- methods 4.149–4.150;
- reliability of 4.151–4.159
prolixity 6.9
prolongation cost claims 5.14–5.22
prosecuting defects claims 6.7–6.9
prospective analysis 4.34–4.49;
- contractual requirements 4.37–4.40;
- problems with 4.41–4.49;
- or retrospective analysis? 4.36
PTR see Pre-Trial Review
Public Contracts Regulations 7.4, 7.7
public nuisance 1.3
public procurement litigation 7.1–7.55;
- applications to lift automatic suspension 7.7–7.18;
- disclosure 7.19–7.35;
- handling confidential information 7.36–7.55;
- introduction 7.1–7.6

QS see quantity surveying
quality of expert evidence 6.41–6.44
quantification of loss 2.12
quantity surveying 6.37
quantum defences 6.15–6.20
quantum evidence 2.16
quantum experts 2.16, 2.31

‘race to contract’ 7.9
Ramsey J 2.23–2.24, 4.94, 9.25, 10.8, 10.10, 10.29
realism of baseline programme 4.58–4.62
reasonable endeavours clause 10.9
recourse to arbitration 11.19
recoverable costs 10.14
regional centres of the TCC 1.4
relevance of as-planned critical path 4.115–4.116
relevance of contractual provisions to valuation 5.4–5.7
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relevance of critical path in delay claims 4.73–4.80
relevance of tender pricing 5.8–5.9
Relevant Matter 5.3
reliability of programme-based analysis 4.151–4.159
remedial schemes 2.34
remediation 6.7, 6.15–6.17
Remedies Directive 7.7, 7.9, 7.12, 7.14
remit of the TCC 1.2–1.3
report compliance 3.42–3.47
Request for Further Information 2.14, 2.16, 3.67, 3.78, 6.28
resource constraints 4.101
results from retrospective v prospective analysis 4.36
retrospective analysis 4.34–4.49;
- of prospective analysis? 4.36
RFI see Request for Further Information
Richard Fernyhough QC 4.89
Rules of Supreme Court Order 47 9.21
Rushdie, Salman 4.155

sanctions of cost 10.25–10.29
SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 4.150
Scott Schedule 2.13
Second Public Consultation 7.12
sequence of calling witnesses 3.24–3.25
shape of litigation 2.1
Shipbuilder’s Association of Japan form 4.4
‘smash and grab’ adjudication 9.17
snagging 4.124
Society for Computers and Law 2.21
split trial 2.16
standard disclosure 1.8, 2.18–2.20
Standard Form of Contract 4.4, 4.38–4.39, 4.124, 5.3–5.4, 5.10, 5.22, 5.36
start-to-start link 4.145
starting with money 5.1
statement of case 6.7–6.9
stay of proceedings 10.12–10.16, 11.3–11.7
stays of execution 9.19–9.26
strike out judgment 7.2
structure of statement of case 6.7–6.9
structuring witness statements 3.13–3.23
Stuart Smith J 8.20
subcontractor claims 5.44–5.45
submissions 3.58
substantive appeal 11.25
substantive breach 2.7
summary judgment 7.2
supporting arbitral process 11.1–11.2
tactical considerations in procurement 7.28–7.35

tactical silence 3.22
taking witness statements 3.13–3.23
Teare J. 10.10–10.11
TECBAR 2.21
technical breach 2.7
technical causation of defect 6.8
Technology and Construction Court guide 1.3, 1.12, 2.3–2.4, 2.13, 2.16, 2.18–2.21, 2.26, 2.32, 2.43–2.46, 3.56, 7.55;
- 5.1.6 6.30;
- 5.5.5 6.30;
- 5.6.1 6.31;
- 5.6.2 6.31;
- 5.6.3 6.31;
- 7.2.2 10.13;
- 8.4.1 2.16;
- 9.4.3 9.13;
- 11.1.1 2.19;
- 13.3.4 6.40;
- 13.3.5 6.40;
- 13.8.2 3.56;
- 15.2.2 3.78;
- 15.2.3 3.67, 3.70;
- Appendix E 10.16;
- Appendix G 10.32;
- Appendix H 7.32, 7.35, 7.49, 7.53, 7.55;
- Section 7.5 10.30;
- Section 8 2.16, 10.18
TeCSA 2.21
template for defence 4.26–4.33
tender pricing 5.8–5.9;
- relevance 5.8–5.9
tests for money 5.3
‘thickening’ costs 5.42–5.43
third-party action 2.12
time clauses 4.4–4.18
time limit of public procurement litigation 7.1–7.6
time limits for referral 11.10–11.12
timing of costs budgets 8.15–8.18
tort 6.8
Toulson J 11.11
trial 2.41–2.49, 3.67–3.71

unfair terms 11.6
unreasonable conduct 10.28

vergens ad inopiam 9.22

Waller LJ 11.11
what ADR is 10.3–10.4
what the TCC is 1.1–1.4
White Book 3.3
‘windows’ 2.12
without prejudice meeting 2.4, 2.36, 10.19
witness statements 2.16, 2.25–2.30, 3.4–3.25;
- ’expert’ factual witnesses 3.8–3.12;
- number of witnesses 3.4–3.7;
- sequence of calling witnesses 3.24–3.25;
- taking/structuring witness statements 3.13–3.23
World Trade Organization 7.5
WP offer 10.29

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Litigation in the Technology and Construction Court

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Index

Index

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