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Charterparties: Law, Practice and Emerging Legal Issues

Page 371

Index

Index

  • advance freight 145–7
  • allocation of commercial risk: maritime security, and 54–8
  • application of Hague-Visby Rules to bills of lading and clause paramount 253–66;
    • ‘bill of lading or any similar document of title’ 254–6;
    • cargoes excluded 256–7;
    • construction of clause paramount 258–66;
    • period of coverage 257–8;
    • types of voyage 256
  • arbitration: SYNACOMEX 170–1
  • arbitrators: interpretation of voyage charterparties by 169–78
  • ASBATANKVOY: demurrage under 185–8;
    • running of laytime under 180–5
  • ASDEM spreadsheet 209
  • bareboat charters: penalties 296–8
  • bills of lading: application of Hague Rules to 252;
    • application of Hague-Visby Rules 253–66;
    • international conventions applying to 250–1
  • BIMCO bunkering clause 64
  • BIMCO non lien clause for time charterparties 365–8
  • BIMCO suite of bunkering clauses 369–72
  • blending: meaning 158
  • blending and commingling cargoes 157–67;
    • carriage documentary difficulties 164–6;
    • carrier entitled to limit liability, whether 163–4;
    • liability insurance 166–7;
    • potential carriers liability for physical problems 159–64
  • breach of charter, damages for: cancellation clauses, and 98–102;
    • period for which quantified 95–8;
    • place of ‘available market’ 92–3
  • breakdown of machinery or equipment 185–8
  • bunkers 59–65;
    • fraud, and 64–5;
    • supply of 59
  • bunkers and time charters 60–4;
    • BIMCO bunkering clause 64;
    • bunker quality 63–4;
    • example of clause 61;
    • NYPE 1946 60–1;
    • property in bunkers 62–3;
    • quantity 61–2
  • cancellation clauses: damages for breach of charter, and 98–102
  • cargo liabilities: ‘and responsibility’ 105–7;
    • causation 113–16;
    • Inter-Club Agreement see Inter-Club Agreement;
    • Inter-Club Agreement, under 103–31;
    • NYPE, under 103–31;
    • supervision and unseaworthiness 107–8;
    • unseaworthiness arising from bad stowage 109–12
  • Cargo Retention Clauses 148–9
  • causation: cargo liabilities, and 113–16
  • Charterer’s obligations to nominate safe place or wharf reachable on vessel’s arrival 188–94;
    • ‘always accessible’ 192;
    • breach of ‘reachable on arrival’ clause and laytime exceptions 192–4;
    • delay prior to start of laytime 188–92
  • clauses paramount 249–83;
    • application of Hague Rules to 252;
    • application of Hague-Visby Rules 253–66;
    • charterparties, and 266–82;
    • construction 258–66;
    • ‘corresponding legislation’ 265–6;
    • exceptions 276–9;
    • impact of rules 272–82;
    • protective clauses 269;
    • purpose 249;
    • rule incorporated into charterparty, whether 267–8;
    • seaworthiness obligation 272–6;

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      time bar 279–82;
    • which set of rules applying to charterparty 268–72
  • commingling: meaning 158
  • damages: off-hire, and 35
  • damages for reputations of voyage charters see The MTM Hong Kong
  • damages for underlap in time charters 91–102
  • delay and demurrage in tanker charters 179–207
  • demurrage: ASBATANKVOY, under 185–8;
    • claims for damages for detention, and 152–7;
    • time bars 200–6
  • demurrage; consecutive voyage charter 200;
    • date from which interest starts to run 206;
    • increase in claim after expiry of time limit 204–6;
    • presentation 204;
    • supporting documents 200–4
  • detention damages 152–7;
    • advantageous to owners 154–5;
    • ‘always accessible’ 156–7;
    • demurrage more advantageous 153–4;
    • ‘reachable on arrival’ 155–6
  • EEMS Solar 241–4;
    • background 241–2;
    • decision 243;
    • facts 242–3;
    • responsibility for loading and stowage 244
  • force majeure: contracts of affreightment 301 course of laytime, and 177–8;
    • definition 173–4
  • force majeure clauses
  • foul weather 47–58
  • fraud: bunkers, and 64–5
  • Hague-Visby Rules, application to bills of lading and clause paramount 253–66;
    • ‘bill of lading or any similar document of title’ 254–6;
    • cargoes excluded 256–7;
    • construction of clause paramount 258–66;
    • period of coverage 257–8;
    • types of voyage 256
  • hire 3–32;
    • importance of 4–5;
    • nature of 4–5;
    • obligation to pay 3–4;
    • ‘temporary’ remedies for non-payment 6–7;
    • treating obligation as condition of charterparty 17–30
  • hull fouling 84–8
  • Inter-Club Agreement (ICA); aim 116;
    • appointment issue 177–8, 131;
    • causation issue 127–8;
    • conditions precedent for application 116–17;
    • revision 1996 117–19;
    • revision 2011 119–20;
    • threshold issue: clause 4 124–7
  • ICA 1996 (as amended 2011); apportionment 135–6;
    • governing law 136;
    • scope of application 133–4;
    • security 136;
    • text 133–6;
    • time bar 134–5
  • interpretation; voyage charters, of; by arbitrators 169–78;
    • berthing and commencement of laytime 176–7;
    • cargo disputes 174–6;
    • cargo wetting and unseaworthiness 174–5;
    • course of laytime and weather 178;
    • disputes over laytime and demurrage 176–8;
    • force majeure 173–4;
    • force majeure and course of laytime 177–8;
    • quantity and short delivery 176;
    • rules for interpretation 171–4;
    • rules under French Civil Code 171–2;
    • standard terms and negotiation 172–3;
    • stowage of cargo 175
  • loading, stowage and discharging 239–48;
    • background 239–41;
    • EEMS Solar see EEMS Solar;
    • responsibility for 239–48;
    • risk, and 239–48;
    • the Sea Miror see the Sea Miror
  • maritime security; allocation of commercial risk, and 54–8;
    • special clauses within charter 55–8;
    • unsafe ports 54–5
  • navigation and management risk 49–54
  • non-payment of hire; owner’s remedies for 3–32
  • NYPE 1946 103–7
  • NYPE 1993 305–17
  • NYPE 2015 319–51
  • off-hire clauses 33–46;
    • basic principles 34–6;
    • damages, and 35;
    • general principles 34–5;
    • ‘Net Loss of Time’ clauses 35–6;
    • payment 34;
    • ‘Period’ clauses 35;
    • recent developments 33–46;
    • The Athena see The Athena; The Global Santosh see The Global Santosh; types 35–6

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    payment of freight 144–9;
    • advance freight 145–7;
    • Cargo Retention (or ROB) Clauses 148–9;
    • rules against set-off 147;
    • voyage charter 144–9;
    • when earned 145;
    • retreat from Dunlop 287–8;
    • time charters 293–6;
    • traditional law 285–7;
    • voyage charters 291–3
  • penalties 285–98;
    • bareboat charters 296–8;
    • charterparties, and 285–98;
    • modern law 285–98;
    • modern restatement of rule 288–91
  • piracy 47–58
  • place of available market: damages for breach of charter 92–3
  • pumping warranties 194–9;
    • BPVOY5 195;
    • BPVOY479 197;
    • EXXONMOBILVOY 2012 196;
    • SHELLVOY5 197–8;
    • SHELLVOY6 196;
    • two-part 197
  • ‘reachable on arrival’ 155–6
  • reallocation of risk 81–8;
    • absence of interpellation clause 83–4;
    • hull fouling 84–8;
    • off-hire clause 81–3
  • regulating speed of vessel 149–51
  • renunciation 9–10;
    • application of principles to non-payment of hire 10–12;
    • foreshadowed level of future non or mis performance 14;
    • intended benefit 13–14;
    • prospective non- or mis-performance going to root of contract 14–15;
    • three-stage analysis for testing 12–15
  • reputation 7–9;
    • application of principles to non-payment of hire 10–12
  • right to re-nominate ports or berths: voyage charter 140–4
  • risk division 49–54
  • ROB Clauses 148–9
  • running of laytime under ASBATANKVOY 180–5;
    • giving of NOR 181–2;
    • laytime exceptions 182–5
  • set-off, rule against 147
  • standard charterparty contracts 67–89;
    • enhancing standardisation and legal certainty through 67–89;
    • NYPE 2015 67–89;
    • reallocation of risk 81–8;
    • reclassifying and redrawing parties’ obligations 68–81
  • SYNACOMEX charter 169–78;
    • arbitration 170–1;
    • light and gears 169–70;
    • loading and discharging 170;
    • responsibilities and immunities 170
  • SYNACOMEX 90 353–8
  • SYNACOMEX 2000 359–64
  • temporary remedies for non-payment of hire 6–7;
    • attaching Charterer’s receivables 7;
    • suspending charter service 7
  • termination for reputation/renunciation 7–17
  • terrorism 47–58
  • time charter: allocation of commercial risk, and 48–54;
    • damages for underlap 91–102;
    • meaning 47–8;
    • penalties 293–6
  • trading or employment risk 49–54
  • unseaworthiness: cargo liabilities, and 107–12
  • voyage charters: blending and commingling cargoes 157–67 see also blending and commingling cargoes;
    • claims for damages for detention see claims or damages for detention;
    • delaying commencement of loading 151–2;
    • flexibility 139–67;
    • nature of 139;
    • parties’ see also obligations179;
    • payment of freight 144–9 see also payment of freight;
    • penalties 291–3;
    • regulating speed of vessel 149–51;
    • right to re-nominate ports or berths 140–4;
    • rigidity 139

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