Last year’s Review questioned whether the Australian hybrid regime will be applied in other countries unless the sea-carriage document (bill of lading or sea waybill) chooses Australian law or incorporates the Hague-Visby Rules as enacted in Australia.4 Another reason for doubt may be added to those set out last year.5 The modified version of the Hague-Visby Rules is given the force of Australian law in sea-carriage contracts for outward-bound carriage from Australia.6 If, however, that carriage is to a country that gives the force of law to the original version of the Hague-Visby Rules (such as the UK, New Zealand, Japan, etc.), the courts of that country may well apply the original version of the rules even if the carriage contract is governed by Australian law. In The Hollandia,7 the House of Lords held that, because the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 (UK) gives the force of law to the Hague-Visby Rules, they apply by force of English law to all of the contracts that are mentioned in Art. 10, regardless of the operative law in the country of shipment. Australia is still a “Contracting State” to the Conventions making up the Hague-Visby Rules, so any bill of lading issued in Australia or for carriage from a port in Australia will still fall within the operational provisions of Art. 10 of the original rules. Any country taking the approach suggested in The Hollandia should therefore apply the original rules to such bills of lading by force of its own law, without even considering the Australian modifications to the rules. Thus, it seems likely that the Australian hybrid regime may only be applied in other Hague-Visby countries if it is incorporated by reference into the contract.