i-law

Liability Risk and Insurance

Estonia bomb theory revives

A report from a group of German experts led by Dr Peter Holtappels presents evidence that a number of small explosions were at least partly responsible for the sinking of the Estonia in 1994 with 852 deaths. This is along with poor maintenance (150 tonnes of water regularly taken onto car deck) and wrong positioning of the upper extension of the collision bulkhead and failure of the crew to refasten the visor.

The rest of this document is only available to i-law.com online subscribers.

If you are already a subscriber, click Log In button.

Copyright © 2026 Maritime Insights & Intelligence Limited. Maritime Insights & Intelligence Limited is registered in England and Wales with company number 13831625 and address 5th Floor, 10 St Bride Street, London, EC4A 4AD, United Kingdom. Lloyd's List Intelligence is a trading name of Maritime Insights & Intelligence Limited.

Lloyd's is the registered trademark of the Society Incorporated by the Lloyd's Act 1871 by the name of Lloyd's.