All Pacific Trading Inc and others v The vessel M/V “Hanjin Yosu” - US Court of Appeals (9th Circuit) (Browning, Farris and Kelly Ct JJ) - 22 October 1993

Carriage of goods by sea - Cargo delivered to ship via NVOCCs - Whether cargo owners in contractual relationship with shipowners - Interpretation of COGSA package limitation provisions

The plaintiffs were the owners or subrogated insurers of various goods transported on the vessel Hanjin Yosu . The goods were not delivered directly to the vessel but to several different non-vessel-operating common carriers (NVOCCs), who issued bills of lading to the shippers. The NVOCCs then delivered the goods to the vessel, which issued entirely separate non-negotiable bills of lading to the NVOCCs (“the Hanjin bills of lading”).