FIDIC Contracts in the Americas
Page 323
Index
- Abrahamson Principles 12–13, 50
- alternative dispute resolution (ADR) 148–149, 171, 197, 289, 297, 302–303 see also dispute resolution
- amiable compositeur (natural justice) 306
- anti-corruption measures
- Canada 146–147
- anti-trust/corruption laws 25
- applicable law
- governing law of the contract 24
- impact of laws 33–34
- intersection of local laws with governing law of the contract 25
- laws applicable to arbitration of dispute 26
- laws applicable to execution of construction project 25
- laws with extra-territorial reach 25
- mandatory law 21
- non-mandatory law 21
- Particular Conditions see Particular Conditions
- Yellow Book 2017 provisions on 21–24 see also governing law of the contract
- applicable legislation
- arbitration
- applicable law 26, 224, 229
- Bolivia 88–89
- Brazil 114–115
- Canada 149
- Chile 170–171, 184
- Ecuador 197–198
- Mexico 216, 224, 227, 229
- Peru 234, 241–242, 246, 252
- United States of America 265, 267, 272
- Uruguay 288–290, 294, 297–303
- see also enforcement of foreign judgments; UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985
- bankruptcy 30, 97, 200, 211, 224, 227
- banks
- behaviour see conduct
- best practice, promotion of 12–13
- bids see tenders
- Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) 89
- BIM see building information modeling system
- Blue-Green Book 16, 43
- Bolivia
- applicable legislation 78, 100–103
- arbitration 88–89
- bankruptcy 97
- Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) 89
- building information modeling system 85–86
- challenges 90
- civil law 78
- common forms of contract 88
- constitutional structures 77–78
- construction industry overviews 80–90
- contract liquidation 97
- court systems 79–80
- COVID-19 90–93
- current challenges for construction industry 90
- damages 94, 95, 97, 99
- defects 94, 95
- delays, damages/penalties for 99
- Dispute Boards 89, 90
- dispute resolution 88–90, 102–103
- entry into contract 100
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 96
- extension of time clauses 95
- FIDIC General Conditions 94–98
- good faith 99
- governing law of the contract 93–94
- health and safety 102
- innovation 85–86
- insolvency 97
- insurance 87–88, 97
- labour relations 83–84
- legal system in 78
- licensing/registration 82–83
- liens 101
- limitation periods 99
- liquidation 97
- modular construction 85
- moral rights 101
- Particular Conditions 94–99
- procurement 86–87
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) 86
- safety culture 84–85
- Special Provisions 94–99
- Subcontractors 97
- surplus Materials 97
- Temporary Works, sale of 97
- termination 96, 97, 100, 102, 103
- variations 95
- wreckage, sale of 97, 102
- Brazil
- applicable legislation 123–126
- arbitration 114–115
- bankruptcy 127
- building information modeling system 112
- challenges 115
- civil law 107, 119
- common forms of contract 114
- constitutional structures 107
- construction industry overviews 108–116
- contract liquidation 127
- court systems 107–108
- COVID-19 116–119
- current challenges for construction industry 115
- damages 120
- defects 121
- delays, damages/penalties for 117
- Dispute Adjudication Board 122
- Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board 121
- Dispute Boards 114, 122
- dispute resolution 114–115, 124, 126
- entry into contract 123
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 117, 118
- extension of time clauses 117
- FIDIC General Conditions 120–122
- governing law of the contract 119–121, 123–124
- government procurement 112–114
- gross negligence 122–123
- hardship 127–128
- health and safety 110, 125
- innovation 112
- insolvency 127
- labour laws 110
- labour relations 110
- legal system 107
- licensing of professionals 109–110
- liens 124
- limitation of liability 123
- liquidation 127
- local law and custom 126–128
- modular construction 111
- Particular Conditions 120–123
- Program of Investment Partnerships (PPI) 108
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) 108
- safety culture 110–111
- Temporary Works, sale of 125
- termination 121–127
- third parties 122
- UNCITRAL Model Law 114
- variations 126–127
- wreckage, sale of 125
- breach of contract
- building information modeling system (BIM)
- Bolivia 85–86
- Brazil 112
- Canada 144
- Chile 168
- Mexico 214
- Peru 238
- United States of America 263
- Uruguay 283–284
- Canada
- anti-corruption measures 146–147
- applicable legislation 156–159
- arbitration 149
- building information modeling system 144
- civil law 132
- common forms of contract 147–148
- common law 132, 133, 137
- constitutional structures 131
- construction industry overviews 137–149
- Construction lien legislation 133–134
- contract forms in common use 148
- contract liquidation 157
- Contracting Authority 139
- court systems 135–137
- COVID-19 149–152
- damages 147
- Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board 155, 156
- Dispute Boards 149
- dispute resolution 148–149, 157, 158
- entry into contract 157
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 147, 150, 151
- FIDIC General Conditions 153–156
- frustrated contracts 157
- governing law of the contract 152–153
- health and safety 143, 144, 158
- Indigenous peoples 132–133
- innovation 144–145
- insurance 147
- labour relations 142–143
- legal system 132
- licensing of professionals 140–142
- liens 133, 134, 157
- local law and custom 159
- moral rights 158
- Particular Conditions 153–156
- private law 133
- procurement 145–146
- public law 133
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) 139
- safety culture 143–144
- technology and innovation 144–145
- termination 158
- Chile
- applicable legislation 181–184
- arbitration 170–171, 184
- building information modeling system 168
- challenges 171
- civil law 164
- common forms of contract 170
- common law 175, 176, 178
- constitutional structures 164
- construction industry overviews 165–171
- contract liquidation 182
- court systems 164–165
- COVID-19 172–174
- current challenges for construction industry 171
- damages 169, 177–178
- defects 179
- delays, damages/penalties for 177–178
- Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board 176
- Dispute Boards 171
- dispute resolution 170–171, 182–184
- entry into contract 181
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 172–174
- extension of time clauses 173
- FIDIC General Conditions 181
- good faith 176–177
- governing law of the contract 175, 181–182
- government procurement 168–169
- health and safety 172, 182, 183
- insurance 169
- labour relations 167
- legal system 164
- licensing of Contractors 166–167
- liens 183
- limitation periods 180, 181
- local law and custom 184
- modular construction 168
- moral rights 183
- multas 178
- Particular Conditions 176–181
- pena enorme 178
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) 166
- safety culture 167–168
- Temporary Works, sale of 183
- termination 179–180, 183
- third parties 169, 184
- UNCITRAL Model Law 184
- wreckage, sale of 183
- choice of law see applicable law
- civil law
- commercial contracts and construction contracts distinguished 3
- common forms of contract
- common law
- conduct
- reckless misconduct 122
- consequential loss or damage see indirect or consequential loss or damage
- constitutional structures
- construction contracts
- choice of law (proper law) 9–11
- civil law 5–6
- common law 5–8
- contract law 6
- definition 3
- distinction from other commercial contracts 3
- entry see entry into contract
- freedom of contract 6–9
- frustration see frustrated contracts
- international construction contracts 11
- legal systems 5–6
- operation see operation of contract
- overview 3–5
- pacta sunt servanda 9
- termination see termination of contracts
- uniqueness 5
- variations see Variations see also FIDIC contracts
- construction industry overviews
- contract forms in common use
- contract liquidation
- Contract Participants 48–50
- Contractor's Equipment, sale of 97
- Contractors
- claims 12, 14, 31, 47, 120, 123, 151
- foreign 115, 166, 235, 281
- indemnities by 267–268
- licensing requirements 261
- limitation of liability 268
- obligations in EPC Silver Book 61, 95
- registration/licensing 261–262
- sale of equipment by Employer 97 see also licensing of Contractors
- Corpus Iuris Civilis 5
- corruption see anti-corruption laws
- court proceedings 9, 25, 79, 165, 267
- court systems
- COVID-19
- Bolivia 90–93
- Brazil 116–119
- Canada 149–152
- Chile 172–174
- claims arising under FIDIC contracts 31–33
- dispute resolution 33
- economic measures 31
- Ecuador 198–200
- execution of construction projects 29–30
- government responses 26–28
- impact on construction 28–29
- Mexico 218–220
- operation of construction contracts 30–31
- Peru 243–244
- United States of America 265–267
- Uruguay 291–292
- curial law (lex arbitrii) 26, 58–59
- current challenges for construction industry
- DAAB see Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board
- DAB see Dispute Adjudication Board
- damage, indirect or consequential 66
- damages
- Data, Contract see Particular Conditions
- deed 152
- defects
- delayed payments, financing charges in 72
- delays, damages/penalties for
- design
- Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB)
- Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board (DAAB)
- Dispute Boards
- dispute resolution
- alternative 148–149, 171, 197, 289, 297, 302–303
- applicable law 33
- Bolivia 88–90, 102–103
- Brazil 114–115, 124, 126
- Canada 148–149, 157, 158
- Chile 170–171, 182–184
- COVID-19-related claims 33
- Ecuador 197–198, 204, 206
- Mexico 216–218, 225, 227, 229
- Peru 241–242, 253, 255
- United States of America 265
- Uruguay 288–291 see also arbitration;
- enforcement of foreign judgments
- doctrine of separability 26
- Ecuador
- applicable legislation 201–206
- arbitration 197–198
- bankruptcy 200
- challenges 198
- civil law 188
- constitutional structures 188
- construction industry overviews 189–198
- contract forms in common use 197
- contract liquidation 203
- court systems 189
- COVID-19 198–200
- current challenges for construction industry 198
- damages 196
- defects 196
- dispute resolution 197–198, 204, 206
- employment 192–194
- entry into contract 203
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 199, 200
- FIDIC General Conditions 201
- governing law of the contract 200–204
- health and safety 205
- innovation 195
- insurance 196
- labour relations 191
- licensing of Contractors 191
- liens 204
- local law and custom 206
- modular construction 195
- moral rights 204
- Particular Conditions 201
- procurement 195–196
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) 190, 197
- safety culture 194–195
- Temporary Works, sale of 205
- termination 193–194, 201, 203, 205, 206
- third parties 196
- unique features of the construction industry 198
- wreckage, sale of 205
- Emerald Book 16
- Employers
- FIDIC Conditions of Contract 15, 16, 43
- Particular Conditions as to preferences 55
- payment of Subcontractors by 155
- sale of Contractor's Equipment, surplus material, wreckage and Temporary Works 97, 102, 125, 183, 205, 226
- Special Provisions necessary or desirable for preferences of 62, 66–69
- termination by 123, 180
- Engineers
- entry into contract
- EPC contract 88, 176
- EPCM contract 4, 15
- equipment
- ex aequo et bono 224
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 24, 31, 32
- extension of time (EOT) clauses
- extra-territoriality, applicable law and 25
- fair and balanced contracts
- FIDIC contracts
- aims of book 38–39
- contract agreement 18
- contract documents 18, 19
- General Conditions 20
- JICA usage see Japan International Cooperation Agency
- MDB use of 17–18
- order of precedence of documents 66
- overview 15–17
- Particular Conditions see Particular Conditions
- rainbow suite 19
- Special Provisions 19–20
- subcontracts 16
- underground Works see Emerald Book
- FIDIC General Conditions 17, 18, 20, 45, 69
- Bolivia 94–98
- Brazil 120–122
- Canada 153–156
- Chile 181
- Ecuador 201
- Mexico 221–222
- Peru 248–251
- United States of America 269–273
- Uruguay 293–294
- FIDIC Golden Principles see Golden Principles
- financing charges in delayed payments 72
- force majeure see exceptional events
- foreign judgments see enforcement of foreign judgments
- freedom of contract 6–9
- frustrated contracts
- Canada 157
- General Conditions see FIDIC General Conditions
- Gold Book 16, 43
- Golden Principles (GPs)
- good faith 13–14
- governing law of the contract
- government procurement see procurement
- Green Book 16, 43, 313
- gross negligence
- ground risks, allocation of 95
- guarantees see performance bank guarantees
- Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements 119
- Hague Principles 56–58, 313
- hardship 31
- Head Contract 3, 313
- health and safety 96
- ICSID Convention 38, 89, 313
- implied terms
- Peru 248
- in rem claim 25, 313
- income tax 233
- indirect or consequential loss or damage 66
- innovation
- insolvency
- insurance
- intellectual property 211, 226
- international construction contracts 11, 314
- international conventions and agreements, country accessions to 34–38
- interpretation see contract interpretation under local law and custom
- ipso facto 314
- Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 18, 314
- JICA see Japan International Cooperation Agency
- joint and several liability 65
- labour laws 23, 30
- law of the forum 25, 56–57, 314
- legal system
- legal systems see civil law; see common law
- legislation see applicable legislation
- lex arbitrii (curial law) 26, 58–59, 315
- lex constructionis 11–15
- lex fori 25, 57, 315
- lex loci rei sitae 25, 315
- liability
- licensing of Contractors
- licensing of professionals
- licensing/registration
- liens
- limitation of liability
- limitation periods
- liquidated damages 315
- liquidation
- local labour see labour laws
- local law and custom
- loss, indirect or consequential 66
- lump sum contracts 95
- mandatory law 21, 33, 47, 56, 59–60, 315
- Materials
- MDBs see multilateral development banks
- Mercosur 286
- Mexico
- applicable legislation 225, 228–229
- arbitration 216, 224, 227, 229
- bankruptcy 224
- building information modeling system 214
- challenges 218
- civil law 210
- common forms of contract 215–216
- constitutional structures 210
- construction industry overview 211–218
- contract liquidation 224, 227
- court systems 210–211
- COVID-19 218–220
- current challenges for construction industry 218
- damages 215, 219, 227
- defects 223
- Dispute Adjudication Board 217
- Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board 216
- Dispute Boards 217, 222
- dispute resolution 216–218, 225, 227, 229
- entry into contract 222–223, 225
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 215, 219, 223
- FIDIC General Conditions 221–222
- governing law of the contract 220–225
- hardship 223
- health and safety 226, 228
- innovation 214
- insolvency 224, 227
- insurance 215
- labour laws 213
- labour relations 213
- legal environment 210–211
- legal system 210
- licensing of professionals 212, 225
- liens 226
- limitation periods 224, 227, 229
- liquidation 224, 227
- local law and custom 229–230
- modular construction 213–214
- moral rights 226
- Particular Conditions 221–222
- procurement 214–215
- residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS) 195
- safety culture 213
- Subcontractors 225
- termination 223–225, 227
- UNCITRAL Model Law 229
- USMCA 212
- misrepresentation
- United States 271
- Model Law 26, 114, 184, 229, 272, 288, 315
- moral rights
- multilateral development banks (MDBs)
- natural justice (amiable compositeur) 306
- negligence see gross negligence
- New Engineering Contract (NEC) 239
- New York Convention 15, 34–35, 114, 115, 234, 272, 316
- non-mandatory law 21, 33, 56, 316
- notices of claim 120–121, 180–181
- operation of contract 30–31, 33
- Orange Book 1995 16, 42, 43, 305
- ordre public 8, 56–57, 316
- pacta sunt servanda 9, 316
- Particular Conditions
- Particular Conditions, desirable Special Provisions in 62–69
- Particular Conditions, necessary Special Provisions in 62–69
- Payment Legislation 155
- payments
- performance security 316
- pena enorme 178
- penaldides 249
- Peru
- applicable legislation 252–255
- arbitration 234, 241–242, 246, 252
- bankruptcy 252, 255
- building information modeling system 238
- challenges 242–243
- civil law 233
- common forms of contract 240–241
- common law 247–249
- constitutional structures 233
- construction industry overviews 234–243
- contract forms in common use 239–241
- contract liquidation 252, 255
- court systems 234
- COVID-19 243–244
- current challenges for construction industry 242–243
- damages 249–250, 256
- defects 238, 245, 250–251
- delays, damages/penalties for 249–250, 256
- Dispute Adjudication Board 234, 252
- Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Board 252
- Dispute Boards 241, 242, 252
- dispute resolution 241–242, 253, 255
- entry into contract 252
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 244
- extension of time clauses 244
- FIDIC General Conditions 248–251
- good faith 252
- governing law of the contract 245–248, 252–253
- gross negligence 251
- health and safety 237–238, 254
- implied terms 248
- innovation 238
- insurance 240
- integrated project delivery (IPD) 240
- labour relations 237
- legal system 233–234
- licensing of Contractors 236–237
- limitation periods 250–251
- liquidated damages 249–250
- modular construction 238
- New Engineering Contract (NEC) 239
- Particular Conditions 248–252
- penaldides 249
- procurement 238–240
- project management officer 235
- Project Partnering Contract (PPC 2000) 240
- safety culture 237–238
- termination 252, 255
- third parties 236, 251
- unique features of the construction industry 243
- variations 235, 251
- virtual design and construction (VDC) 238
- Pink Book 16–18, 317
- Plant
- PPP see Public Private Partnership
- price see costs
- private law 133
- procurement
- procurement, private
- procurement, public
- professionals see licensing of professionals
- project requirements, Particular Conditions 64–65
- proper law see choice of law
- proper law of the contract 9–11, 317
- public law 133
- public policy (ordre public)
- Public Private Partnership (PPP) 15, 317
- public procurement see procurement, see public
- public–private partnership (PPP) 86
- rainbow suite 16, 17, 19
- rebus sic stantibus 13, 318
- recepción definitiva 179
- recepción provisoria 178
- reception 178, 179, 250
- reckless misconduct 122
- recursos administrativos 287
- Red Book 1977 16, 305
- Red Book 1987 16, 42, 305
- Red Book 1999 16, 17, 51, 305
- Red Book 2017 16, 18, 19, 248, 305
- request for qualifications (RFQ) 145
- Retention Money 318
- risk
- Rome I 8, 57–58, 318
- safety see health and safety
- scope of work, variation of see Variations
- security of payment 4
- separability see doctrine of separability
- Silver Book 1999 16, 51, 305
- Silver Book 2017 16, 305
- order of precedence of documents 19
- Special Provisions see Particular Conditions
- stamp duty 18
- standard bidding documents 17
- stare decisis 5, 319
- statute of limitations see limitation periods
- Subcontractors
- surplus Materials, sale of
- Bolivia 97
- taxation
- Temporary Works, sale of
- tenders 17, 19, 22, 45, 46, 50, 55, 58, 69, 88, 100, 113, 124, 145, 146, 157, 159, 173, 182, 203, 215, 225, 253, 270, 282, 288, 295
- termination
- testing apparatus, equipment and instruments, calibration of 125, 183, 254
- third parties
- time
- time bars 51, 61, 248
- UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985 (UNCITRAL Model Law)
- underground works 16, 41, 192
- unfair contract terms 61
- UNIDROIT 8, 9, 14, 58, 292
- United States of America
- applicable legislation 270–272
- arbitration 265, 267, 272
- building information modeling system 263
- common forms of contract 264–265
- common law 259, 267, 269–270
- constitutional structures 259
- court systems 259–260
- COVID-19 265–267
- damages 268–269, 271, 273
- defects 272
- Dispute Boards 265
- dispute resolution 265
- FIDIC General Conditions 269–273
- governing law of the contract 267–270
- innovation 263
- insurance 264
- labour relations 262
- legal system 259
- licensing of Contractors 261–262
- licensing of professionals 261–262
- limitation of liability 268
- liquidated damages 273
- modular construction 263
- Particular Conditions 269–270
- procurement 264
- safety culture 262–263
- UNCITRAL Model Law 272
- variations 270
- Uruguay
- ad solemnitatem 298
- applicable legislation 295–303
- arbitration 288–290, 294, 297–303
- bankruptcy 295, 297
- building information modeling system 283–284
- challenges 290
- civil law 278
- constitutional structures 277–278
- construction capability index 281
- construction industry overviews 279–291
- contract liquidation 295
- contractors 280
- court systems 279
- COVID-19 291–292
- current challenges for construction industry 290
- damages 294–295
- defects 293
- Dispute Adjudication Board 294
- Dispute Boards 303
- dispute resolution 288–291
- entry into contract 295
- exceptional events (Force Majeure) 292
- extra petita 300
- FIDIC General Conditions 293–294
- governing law of the contract 292–293, 295–296
- hardship 295
- health and safety 297
- innovation 283–284
- insolvency 293
- insurance 287–288
- labour laws 283
- labour relations 282
- legal system 278–279
- liens 296
- modular construction 283
- moral rights 296
- Particular Conditions 293–295
- registration 281
- safety culture 283
- SPV 280
- subcontracting 280–281
- termination 293, 295, 297
- third parties 277, 288, 299
- UNCITRAL Model Law 288, 292
- unique features of the construction industry 290–291
- Variations
- virtual design and construction (VDC) 238
- worker and workplace safety see health and safety
- wreckage, sale of
- WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, country accessions to 35–38
- WTO GPA 35
- Yellow Book 1987 16, 42
- Yellow Book 1999 16, 51
- Yellow Book 2017 16, 19, 20–21, 24, 55, 70, 96