Admiralty practice - Stay of action - Exclusive jurisdiction clause - Damage to cargo - Bill of lading provided for all disputes to be brought before Court in Amsterdam - Whether clause valid - Whether dispute strongly connected with England - Whether Hague-Visby Rules applicable - Whether English action should be stayed - Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1971.
Charter-party (Time) - Limitation of liability - Damage to cargo - Owners settled claims by receivers - Whether owners could claim indemnity from charterers - Whether charterers could limit their liability.
Bill of lading - Arbitration clause - Proper law - Application for appointment of arbitrator - Proceedings commenced in Greece - Whether arbitration clause applicable to dispute - Whether dispute should be resolved by proceedings in Greece - Whether application for stay of arbitration proceedings should be granted.
Insurance (Burglary) - Theft - Whether goods stolen from yard or in transit - Whether "theft" should be given same meaning as in criminal law - Whether plaintiffs could claim under policy.
Admiralty practice - Application to set aside - Vessel arrested for non-payment of balance of fuel price - Vessel demise chartered to defendants - - Defendants repudiated charter - Owners intervened - Whether writ issued before charter terminated - Whether owners entitled to set aside writ and to release of vessel from arrest.
Charter-party (Time) - Redelivery - Final voyage - Vessel chartered for period of two years and 45 days - Whether additional tolerance allowed - Date when legitimacy of a last voyage to be judged - Whether owners entitled to damages for late redelivery.
Arbitration - Injunction - Delay in prosecuting claims in arbitration proceedings - Whether excessive delay in the conduct of the reference had brought the arbitration agreement to an end by virtue of repudiation, frustration or mutual abandonment - Whether injunction to restrain further conduct of arbitration should be granted.
Arbitration - Award - Interest - Charterers made an "open offer" - Owners eventually accepted offer - Umpire awarded interest on demurrage and freight - Whether umpire had power to award such interest - Whether compound interest could be awarded - Whether umpire considered effect of open offer.
Arbitration - Arbitrator - Technical misconduct - Application to set aside or remit - Arbitration and Committee of Appeal found in favours of buyers - Arbitrators present at hearing of appeal - Arbitrator asked to state reasons for their decision - Whether Committee of Appeal had acted fairly in conduct of arbitration - Whether award should be set aside or remitted - Whether leave to appeal should be given.
Arbitration - Award - Leave to appeal - Award found plaintiff guilty of discreditable conduct on four out of the 10 counts - Whether plaintiff entitled to injunction restraining defendants from taking further steps under s. 20 of Lloyd's Act - Whether leave to appeal should be granted - Whether award should be set aside for misconduct - Lloyd's Act, 1871.
Carriage by road - C.M.R. - Limitation of time - Damage to goods - Plaintiffs claimed against defendant carriers - Whether plaintiffs' claim time barred - Whether limitation period suspended - Article 32 (2) of C.M.R.
Reinsurance - Misrepresentation - Non-disclosure- Plaintiffs claimed indemnity against reinsurers - Whether reinsurance brokers in breach of duty for failing to procure valid and effective reinsurance - Whether reinsurers could avoid liability on grounds of misrepresentation - Whether reinsurers entitled to be indemnified by brokers.
Sale of goods (c. & f.) - Non-acceptance - Buyers refused to accept last three instalments - Whether buyers could rely on force majeure - Arbitration tribunal found in favour of sellers - Whether leave to appeal against award should be given - Where award should be remitted for further reasons.
Salvage - Reward - Defendants' vessel taken in tow and brought into Sydney Harbour - Tug services provided under towing contract - Whether crew of tug volunteers - Whether crew entitled to claim salvage award - Australia.
Arbitration - Injunction - Delay in prosecution - Whether declaration that arbitration agreement discharged by reason of defendants' repudiation should be granted - Whether injunction restraining defendants from proceeding with arbitration should be granted - Whether plaintiff entitled to damages.
Charter-party (Time) - Withdrawal - War risk insurance - Charterers failed to reimburse owners for extra war risk premiums - Owners withdrew vessel - Whether withdrawal wrongful - Whether owners had complied with reimbursement clause - Whether charterers in breach of payments clause - Whether owners waived right to treat failure to pay as a breach by accepting hire - Whether charterers entitled to damages - Assessment - New York Produce Exchange.
Charter-party (Time) - Hire - Non-payment - Withdrawal of vessel - Whether shipowners left it too late before withdrawing vessel - Whether acceptance of late payments on previous occasions created estoppel - Whether charterers entitled to relief from forfeiture.
Practice - Trade union dispute - Vessel prevented from sailing - Injunction granted to lift blacking - Owners claimed damages for deliberate interference with time charter and with owners' trade and business - Whether trade union entitled to immunity - Whether writ disclosed cause of action at common law - Trade Union and Labour Relations Act, 1974, s. 13 - Employment Act, 1980, s. 17.
Sale of goods - Limitation of liability - Defendants supplied to plaintiffs, seed different in kind both by description and commercially - Crop produced by seed useless for human and animal consumption - Plaintiffs claimed damages - Whether defendants could limit liability to cost of seeds.
Charter-party (Time) - Rescission - Misrepresentation - Institute Warranty limits - Vessel sub-chartered on same terms as head charter - Whether vessel could be ordered to breach Institute Warranty limits anywhere and at any time on payment of extra insurance premiums - Whether sub-charterers induced to enter into charter by misrepresentation- Whether sub-charterers entitled to rescind sub-charter.
Sale of goods (c. & f.) - Damage to goods - Title to sue - Whether term that ownership of goods to pass to buyer by endorsement and delivery of bill of lading varied - Whether buyers entitled to sue - Whether buyers mitigated their damage when disposing of steel.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-delivery - Sellers delivered 40 per cent. of contract quantity - Buyers claimed sellers in default of balance - Whether buyers had accepted 40 per cent. in complete fulfilment - Whether award in favour of buyers should be remitted for clarification.
Charter-party (Time) - Limitation of time - Cargo claims - Hague Rules incorporated by clause paramount - Cargo claims to be settled under Inter-Club New York Produce Exchange Agreement - Charterers failed to bring any suit against owners for settlement of cargo claims within time limit - Whether owners could rely on time bar.
Banking - Letter of credit - Payment effected under reserve - Bank alleged discrepancies in documents - Documents rejected - Whether bank entitled to repayment of amount paid under reserve - Extent of obligation of beneficiary under letter of credit who accepted payment under reserve.
Insurance (Marine) - Lloyd's Standard Marine policy - Vessel seized by Saudi Arabian authorities - Owners claimed under policy - Whether Kuwait proper forum - Whether order granting owners leave to serve proceedings on defendant insurers in Kuwait should be set aside.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-acceptance - Buyers unable to obtain B.R.I. - Goods could not be imported into Portugal - Buyers rejected documents - Whether discharge at Lisbon part of performance of contract - Whether sellers tendered effective bill of lading - Whether buyers entitled to reject documents - Whether contract frustrated.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-fulfilment - Prohibition of export - Sellers failed to ship balance of September instalment - Whether shipment prevented by U.S. embargo - Whether sellers could rely on cl. 21 - GAFTA 100.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Prohibition - Non-delivery - Sellers failed to deliver balance of June instalment - Whether sellers could show that shipper prevented from making shipment - Sellers obtained extension of time for shipment under cl. 22. Whether sellers could still rely on prohibition clause - Whether sellers liable for non-delivery.
Admiralty practice - Procedure - Acknowledgment of service - Application for stay of proceedings - Whether defendants entitled to leave to amend notice of motion - Whether application to withdraw acknowledgment of service should be granted.
Charter-party (Time) - Sub-sub-freights - Contractual lien - Owners alleged non-payment o hire by head charterers - Whether owners entitled to exercise lien over sub-sub-freights.
Charter-party (Time) - Repudiation - Charterers repudiated charter - Whether owners obliged to accept repudiation - Whether owners had legitimate interest in keeping charter in existence - Whether repudiation wrongful.
Insurance (Products and Public Liability) - Indemnity - Exclusion clause - Plaintiffs settled accidental injury claim in U.S. - Whether plaintiffs entitled to be indemnified by insurers - Whether manufacturers could rely on exclusion clause - Whether manufacturers in breach of condition.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-delivery - Prohibition of export - July and September instalment of contract - Sellers failed to deliver balance - Whether sellers could rely on prohibition clause - Whether all shippers prevented from performing their contracts.
Charter-party (Time) - Hire - Non-payment - Owners withdrew vessel - Whether withdrawal valid - Whether charterers could rely on owners' bank's negligence or estoppel - Whether charterers entitled to relief against forfeiture - New York Produce Exchange form.
Insurance (Marine) - Perils of the sea - Takings at sea - Cargo of crude oil insured for voyage from Persian Gulf to Europe - Part of cargo discharged in South Africa - Vessel scuttled in Atlantic - Whether loss of cargo caused by barratry, perils of the sea or takings at sea - Whether loss total or partial - Whether cargo-owners could recover under policy.
Admiralty practice - Action in rem - Master made claims against owners - Statement of claim served and unconditional appearance entered - Whether master entitled to summary judgment.
Contract - Shiprepairs - Breach - Whether contract concluded between yard and owners - Whether express or implied term that yard would carry out screwshaft survey - Whether yard in breach for not withdrawing screwschaft - Whether owners could claim damages.
Admiralty practice - Jurisdiction - Damage to cargo - First defendants accepted service - Plaintiffs applied for leave to issue concurrent writ for service out of jurisdiction on second defendants - Whether application should be granted.
Admiralty practice - Application to set aside - Vessel arrested for non-payment of balance of fuel price - Vessel demise chartered to defendants - Defendants repudiated charter - Owners intervened - Whether writ issued before charter terminated - Whether owners entitled to set aside writ and to release of vessel from arrest.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Freight - Loss of vessel and cargo - 75 per cent. of freight to be paid within five days of signing of bills of lading - Contract frustrated - Whether instalment of freight due before contract frustrated - Whether owners entitled to payment of freight.
Damages - Personal injury - Plaintiff injured when he slipped through gap into hold - Whether defendants owed plaintiff common duty of care - Whether defendants liable for plaintiff's injuries - Whether plaintiff guilty of contributory negligence.
Navigation - Vessel in compulsory pilotage area - Authorized pilot refused to take charge of vessel on ground unsafe to proceed on flood tide before sunset - Offered to take charge of vessel next morning - Whether reasonable offer by pilot - Pilotage Act 1913, s. 11, as amended. Navigation - Pilotage - Refusal of authorized pilot to take charge of vessel - Master successfully navigated vessel without pilot in compulsory pilotage area - Whether omission to do something required to preserve vessel from loss or serious damage - Merchant Shipping Act 1970, s. 27.
Charter-party (Time) - Safe port - Cancellation - Iran-Iraq war - Vessel ordered to proceed to Basrah - Whether charterers in breach of obligation to trade between safe ports - Whether charterers entitled to cancel charter.
Charter-party (Time) - Frustration - Iran-Iraq war - Vessel trapped in Shatt-al-Arab waterway - Arbitrator awarded and declared that charter frustrated by Nov. 24, 1980 - Whether charter frustrated at an earlier date.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Notice of readiness - Whether vessel properly entered at Customs House - Whether vessel ready to discharge - Whether time between commencement and completion of lightening time spent in lightening or in waiting for a berth.
Bill of lading - Stay of action - Arbitration clause - Whether clause in charter-party incorporated into bill of lading - Whether disputes under bill of lading to be referred to arbitration - Whether action should be stayed - Arbitration Act, 1975, s. 1.
Arbitration - Arbitrator - Appointment - Clause conferred option to arbitrate - Whether Court had jurisdiction to appoint arbitrator - Whether charterers had made a timely election of arbitration - Arbitration Act 1950, s. 10.
Sale of ship - Misrepresentation - Agent - Statements made by agent - Whether agent liable under Act if he did not have reasonable grounds to believe that it was true - Whether person who actually made the statement on behalf of the agent incurred a similar liability - Misrepresentation Act, 1967, s. 2 (1), (2).
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Limitation of time - Non-delivery - Prohibition of export - Non-appropriation of goods shipped under June bills of lading - Whether buyers' claim for damages time barred.
Admiralty practice - Action in rem - Vessel ordered to be appraised and sold - Bunkers on board vessel - Whether intervener/charterers of vessel could claim proceeds of sale of bunkers.
Banking - Guarantee - Promissory notes - Companies went into liquidation - Promissory notes dishonoured -Banks reimbursed by E.C.G.D. under guarantees - Whether E.C.G.D. entitled to be reimbursed by defendants.
Practice - Striking out - Appeal against costs - Bank alleged that substantial matters already decided by Court in Bonn - Whether present action an abuse of the process of the Court - Whether application to strike out action should be granted - Whether appeal against costs should be allowed.
Arbitration - Award - Leave to appeal - Award found plaintiff guilty of discreditable conduct on four out of the 10 counts - Whether plaintiff entitled to injunction restraining defendants from taking further steps under s. 20 of Lloyd's Act - Whether leave to appeal should be granted - Whether award should be set aside for misconduct - Lloyd's Act, 1871.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-delivery - Prohibition of export - Whether sellers could rely on prohibition and or force majeure - Whether buyers had waived their rights to, or were estopped from, receiving June instalments - GAFTA 100.
Admiralty practice - Interest - Accrued interest - Plaintiffs' made payment into Court in respect of limitation action - Order made for payment to be distributed between defendants - No order made as to accrued interest - Whether defendants entitled to whole of accrued interest.
Charter-party (Time) - Hire - Non-payment - Vessel validly withdrawn - Plaintiffs gave undertaking as to damages - Whether defendants entitled to claim damages for the period Apr. 29 to June 7.
Charter-party (Time) - General average - Deviation - Casualty occurred during deviation - Whether owners could claim general average contribution - Whether deviation reasonable - Hague Rules, art. IV, r. 4.
Charter-party (Time) - Frustration - Iran-Iraq war - Vessel trapped in Shatt-al-Arab waterway - Charter-party frustrated - Date upon which frustration occurred.
Arbitration - Limitation of time - Centrocon arbitration clause - Whether charterers' claims for off-hire and disbursements time barred - Whether judgment under R.S.C., 0. 14, should be given - Arbitration Act, 1950, s. 27 - New York Produce Exchange form.
Arbitration - Award - Remission - Award remitted to arbitrators for further reasons - Whether arbitrators gave adequate reasons - Whether award should be remitted.
Unseaworthiness - Carriage by sea - Voyage abandoned - Cargo had to be transhipped - Whether cargo-owners could recover costs incurred - Whether cargo-owners' loss caused by unseaworthiness of vessel - Whether shipowners could rely on art. IV, r. 2 of the Hague Rules.
Reinsurance - Fire insurance policy - Claims co-operation clause - Buildings destroyed by fire - Insurers failed to give co-operation - Whether refusal of co-operation constituted a breach of a condition precedent - Whether reinsurer entitled to avoid policy of reinsurance.
Sale of goods (c. & f.) - Jurisdiction - Disputes between Sudanese sellers and Swiss buyers - Swiss buyers commenced action in Switzerland against sellers and appointed their arbitrator - Whether arbitration clause incorporated in contract - Whether Swiss judgment should be recognized - Whether buyers precluded from relying on judgment by reason of their conduct in appointing an arbitrator.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Laytime - Calculation - Vessel prevented from loading by closure of port due to bad weather - Whether laytime expired soon after vessel's arrival - Whether expiry of laytime postponed by bad weather - Meaning and effect of "72 running hours weather permitting".
Charter-party (Voyage) - Freight - Delays in unloading - Alleged breach of charter-party by owners - Charterers withheld balance of freight - Whether owners entitled to summary judgment - Whether action should be stayed - Arbitration Act, 1975, s. 1.
Carriage by sea - Limitation of time - Service of writ out of jurisdiction - Delay in serving writ on defendants - Plaintiffs' ex parte application for extension of time granted - Whether defendants' application to set aside extension of time should be granted.
Arbitration - Award - Enforcement - Limitation of time - Plaintiffs added defendants to action six years three months after award issued - Whether defendants could rely on Limitation Act - Whether the 6th to 11th defendants partners in the firm - Whether award a Convention award - Arbitration Act, 1975 - Limitation Act, 1939, s. 2 (1) (c).
Sale of ship - Cancellation - Sellers failed to tender vessel in time - Buyers entitled to cancel contract and return of deposit - Whether buyers could claim higher rate of interest on deposit - Whether buyers entitled to damages - Whether buyers took steps to mitigate their loss.
Banking - Letter of credit - Non-payment - Indian buyers purchased cloves from Singapore sellers - Buyers informed vessel and cargo lost - Buyers obtained injunction in Indian Court restraining defendants from paying under letter of credit - Plaintiffs brought action in England - Whether plaintiffs entitled to summary judgment - Whether defendant entitled to leave to defend.
Sale of goods (c.i.f) - Non-acceptance - Buyers rejected goods tendered - Goods did not comply with contractual description - Whether certificate of quality and inspection conclusive - Whether certificate final only as to quality - Whether buyers entitled to reject goods.
Admiralty practice - Acion on arbitration award - Arbitrators found in favour of plaintiffs - Plaintiffs issued writ in rem against proceeds of sale of vessel - Whether Court had jurisdiction to give judgment for plaintiffs - Whether plaintiffs could be paid out of proceeds of sale of vessel.
Collision - Crossing vessels - Collision in Suez Bay between dredger and defendants' vessel - Whether collision caused solely by the fault of the dredger or the vessel.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Demurrage - Vessel arrived at Aqaba to discharge cargo - Aqaba congested - Laytime expired before vessel commenced discharge - Vessel diverted to Mersin - Whether vessel remained on demurrage during voyage to Mersin - Whether sub-charterers liable for demurrage.
Arbitration - Award - Leave to appeal - Law of European Economic Community - Arbitrator held that export of U.K. crude oil to Israel contrary to government policy and sellers not in breach of contract - Whether leave to appeal against award should be granted.
Sale of ship - Stay of action - Vessel sold to Taiwanese buyers - Buyers refused to accept vessel - Sellers alleged wrongful inducement and conspiracy by Taiwanese broker - Whether Court of Taiwan natural and proper forum for resolution of dispute - Whether part of general endorsement on writ should be struck out - Whether application for stay should be granted.
Insurance (Fire) - Conspiracy - Premises destroyed by fire and explosion - Whether destruction caused by conspiracy - Whether breach of policy conditions occurred - Whether policy void - Whether value of premises its market price or replacement costs.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Prohibition of export - Notice of extension of shipment period - Whether shipment period validly extended - Whether buyers estopped from denying that period validly extended.
[1983] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 689
Lloyd's and the Lloyd's Crest are trademarks of the Society incorporated by the Lloyd's Act 1871
by the name of Lloyd's
In order to deliver a personalised, responsive service and to improve the site, we remember and store information about how you use it. This is done using simple text files called cookies which sit on your computer. By continuing to use this site and access its features, you are consenting to our use of cookies. To find out more about the way www.i-law.com uses cookies please go to our Cookie Policy page.
By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies.