Practice - Injunction - Trade dispute - Owner employing crew on terms unacceptable to union - Vessel likely to be blacked - Whether dispute a "trade dispute" - Whether owners entitled to injunction restraining union from "blacking" vessel - Effect of Trade Union and Labour Relations Act, 1974, ss. 13, 17, 29.
Arbitration - Costs - Misconduct - Each party to pay own costs and half the costs of award - Whether application to set aside award as to costs should be granted.
Admiralty practice - Action in rem - Jurisdiction - Foreign sovereign - Whether vessel owned by Republic of Cuba - Whether vessel beneficially owned by defendants - Whether writs and all subsequent proceedings should be set aside on ground that foreign sovereign impleaded - Whether plaintiffs could invoke Admiralty jurisdiction - Administration of Justice Act, 1956, s. 3 (4).
Practice - Sale of ship - Summary judgment - Plaintiffs given judgment for balance of purchase price of hydrofoils - Defendants put forward defence and counterclaim - Whether defendants had good arguable case - Whether defendants entitled to unconditional leave to defend.
Practice - Evidence - Handwriting expert - Expert gave opinion on document to plaintiffs - Consulted by defendants and gave opinion - Refused to accept further instruction - Defendants issued subpoena on expert - Whether subpoena should be set aside.
Practice - Bill of exchange - Bill dishonoured - Summary judgment - Injunction granted - Stay of execution of judgment removed - Whether injunction should be discharged - Whether stay of execution should be granted.
Collision - Negligence - Plaintiffs' vessel lying at anchor - Defendant's vessel collided with her - Whether vessel anchored at an improper place - Whether plaintiffs failed to take adequate steps to bring vessel on upriver heading - Liability for collision.
Charter-party (Time) - Repudiation - Measure of damages - Owners failed to maintain vessel in class - Charterers accepted conduct as repudiation - Charterers failed to hire substitute vessel - Whether charterers could claim profits they would have made - Whether proper measure of damages was difference between contract and market rates.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Freight - Freight payable on delivery of cargo - Charterers alleged cargo "unmerchantable" - Whether owners entitled to payment of freight in full without deduction.
Arbitration - Costs - Technical misconduct - Arbitrators apportioned costs between parties - Whether departure from general rule that successful party should get costs, justified - Whether award should be set aside or remitted.
Practice - Arbitration - Special case - Whether arbitrator provided all the materials for purposes of arguing special case - Whether award should be remitted to arbitrator.
Agency - Ship's management - Agreement between owners and managers - Whether relationship of trustee and beneficiary created - Whether managers' conduct in breach of obligations - Whether owners could recover costs incurred in mitigation.
Sale of goods (c. & f.) - Letter of credit - Appointment of arbitrator - Waiver - Whether letter of credit amended contract - Whether buyers waived right to certificate by official laboratory - Whether arbitrator appointed within time limit - Whether extension of time should be granted - Arbitration Act, 1950, s. 27 - GAFTA 30, 125.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-acceptance - Buyers refused to take up documents as being out of time - Whether "payment against documents" clause a condition - Whether buyers in default.
Carriage by air - Limitation of liability - Damage to luggage - Loss of part of contents - Notice of claim given over a month later - Carrier rejected claim as being out of time - Whether "damage" in art. 26 of the Warsaw Convention included loss of contents of registered baggage - Whether notice given sufficient - Warsaw Convention, arts. 4(1)(c), 18(1), 19, 22(2)(b), 26 - Carriage by Air and Road Act, 1979.
Sale of goods - Conditions - Passing of property - Tracing - Whether suppliers had title at common law - Whether right to trace void against creditors - Companies Act, 1948, s. 95.
Practice - Stay of action - Plaintiff sold shares to defendants - Disputes to be referred to District Court of Luanda - Defendants failed to pay fourth instalment - Plaintiff brought action in English Courts - Whether action ought to have been stayed.
Admiralty practice - Action in rem - Interveners - Admiralty Marshal ordered sale of vessel - Proceeds of sale of bunkers on board vessel to be separately accounted for - Whether interveners owners of fuel oil.
Carriage by sea - Stay of action - Damage to cargo - Foreign jurisdiction clause - Parties agreed disputes to be decided by Russian Court - Plaintiffs brought action in England - Whether action should be stayed.
Sale of ship - Agreement - Defendants purchased vessels from director of Navy Contracts - Oral agreement between plaintiffs and defendants for sale and purchase of vessels - Whether defendants sold vessels to plaintiffs.
Practice - Arbitration - Salvage agreement - Injunction - Whether injunction restraining salvors from taking any further step in a reference to arbitration should be granted.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-delivery - Buyers claimed damages for non-delivery - Whether buyers' claim time barred - Whether buyers' application for an extension of time should be granted - GAFTA 100, GAFTA 125 - Arbitration Act, 1950, s. 27.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-fulfilment - Prohibition of export - Sellers failed to ship balance of June instalment within contract period - Whether sellers could rely upon prohibition and/or force majeure clauses - Buyers rejected notice of appropriation - Whether buyers agreed to delivery out of time - Whether sellers in default - GAFTA 100.
Banking - Cheque - Mistake - Bank instructed to stop payment on cheque - Cheque paid on presentation - Whether money recoverable as having been paid under a mistake of fact.
Arbitration - Injunction - Delay in prosecuting claims in arbitration - Whether arbitrators had power to dismiss claims for want of prosecution - Whether defendants' inaction repudiatory and arbitration agreement terminated - Whether injunction restraining defendants from proceeding with arbitration should be granted.
Arbitration - Award - Condition imposed by arbitrators - Whether ultra vires and amounting to misconduct - Arbitration Act, 1950, s. 14. Practice - Arbitration - Arbitrators - Power of Court to supervise.
Sale of goods f.o.b. - Notice of readiness to load - Buyers to give 15 days loading notice - Whether notice given in time - Whether sellers entitled to hold buyers in default - Whether sellers lost right to hold buyers in default - GAFTA 119.
Product liability - Sale of goods - Implied condition - Defective towing coupling supplied by seller to owner of vehicle - Coupling broke and trailer colliding with other car - Whether coupling fit for purpose and of merchantable quality - Whether collision in contemplation of parties - Whether loss too remote - Sale of Goods Act, 1893, s. 14(1), (2). Negligence - Duty of care - Defective towing coupling - Coupling fitted to vehicle - Trailer breaking loose from vehicle after coupling parted - Collision with occupants of other car - Whether owner and driver of vehicle and manufacturer of coupling liable.
Arbitration - Injunction - Jurisdiction - Disputes between owners and charterers referred to arbitration - Delay in prosecuting claims - Whether Court had jurisdiction to grant injunction restraining owners from proceeding with claim.
Insurance (Marine) - Unseaworthiness - Vessel sank in moderate sea - Whether vessel sent to sea in unseaworthy state - Whether owners in breach of American Institute Hull clauses - Whether underwriters liable under policy.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-delivery - Buyers one day late in appointing arbitrator - Prohibition of export alleged by sellers - Whether buyers' claim time barred - GAFTA 100, GAFTA 125.
Insurance (Householders comprehensive) - Indemnity - Nuisance - Plaintiffs insured buildings and contents with separate insurers - Damage caused to claimants' bungalow by encroachment of tree roots - Whether buildings' insurers liable to indemnify plaintiffs against potential liability - Whether plaintiffs liable "solely us owners, not occupiers, of house".
Contract - Construction - Lightening contract - Vessel rendered "lightening" assistance by taking off part of cargo - Whether further lightening assistance required - Whether vessel carried out obligations under contract.
Practice - Arbitration - Security for costs - Owners and charterers applied for security of costs on claim and counterclaim in arbitration - Charterers granted security of costs - Whether owners also ought to have been given security of costs against counterclaim.
Sale of goods (f.o.b.) - Non-acceptance - Buyers not allowed to use weighing and sampling facilities at port of loading - Whether sellers in breach for failing to provide facilities - Whether buyers justified in rejecting documents - Whether arbitration clause barred all legal proceedings - GAFTA 119.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Prohibition - Non-delivery - Sale of U.S. soya bean meal c.i.f. Weser - Embargo on export imposed by U.S. Government - Whether sellers excused by terms of contract for failure to deliver - GAFTA 100.
Admiralty practice - Bill of lading - Foreign jurisdiction clause - Cargo alleged to be damaged on unloading - Cargo-owners commenced action for damage to cargo in England - Whether action should be stayed on the ground that parties agreed to refer disputes to Egyptian Court.
Bill of lading - Damage to cargo - Sub-charterers - Bill of lading signed by charterers' agents on behalf of master - Whether charterers party to contract of carriage evidenced by bill of lading.
Admiralty practice - Action in rem - Arrest of vessel - Shipowners refused to return plaintiffs' goods until outstanding freight and transhipment costs paid - Plaintiffs arrested vessel - Whether application for release of vessel should be granted -Administration of Justice Act, 1956, s. 1(1)(h).
Arbitration - Arbitrators - Award - Misconduct - Whether arbitrators considered evidence not disclosed to charterers - Whether arbitrators guilty of misconduct - Whether award should be set aside or remitted.
Arbitration - Costs - Award - Charter-party dispute - Charterers' claim wholly failed - Award required each party to pay own costs - Whether award as to costs justified - Whether award should be remitted for reconsideration.
Insurance (Fire) - Exceptions - Insureds' property in Beirut covered for fire, riot, explosion and malicious risks - Insureds' premises looted and damaged during disturbances in Lebanon - Whether insured could claim under policy - Whether insurers could rely on exceptions in policy to avoid liability.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.)-Prohibition - Non-delivery - Sellers failed to deliver - Buyers declared sellers in default - Whether sellers could rely on prohibition clause - Whether buyers entitled to damages for non-fulfilment - GAFTA 30.
Bill of lading - Sale of goods - Part of cargo damaged - Notation added to bill after shipment - Whether bill "clean" - Whether buyers entitled to reject goods - Refined Sugar Association Rules, rr. 22, 23.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-delivery - Notice of appropriation - Date of default - Sellers failed to give notice of appropriation in relation to 200 tonnes of soya bean meal - Whether sellers in default - Whether sellers' notice of appropriation relating to 39.2 tonnes valid - Whether dale of default July 10 or 11 - GAFTA 100.
Arbitration - Sale of goods - Non-delivery - Buyers in earlier arbitration proceedings obtained declaration of liability - Sellers refused payment of buyers' debit note - Buyers referred claim for damages to arbitration - Whether buyers' claim for damages should have been raised at same time as issue of liability.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Demurrage - Notice of readiness - Delay in vessel getting into berth - Whether laytime commenced 6 hours after notice given - Whether owners entitled to damages for detention - Exxonvoy 1969.
Unseaworthiness - Due diligence - Damage to deck cargo - Vessel encountered heavy weather - Suddenly developed list to port - Vessel abandoned - Cargo jettisoned - Whether damage to cargo caused by perils of the sea - Whether vessel seaworthy at beginning of voyage - Hague Rules art. 3, r. 1 and art. 4.
Admiralty practice - Action in rem - Arrest of vessel - Interveners - Shipowners transferred ownership of vessel to interveners - Plaintiffs brought action in rem against shipowners - Whether interveners' application to set aside renewal of writ and service thereof and release of vessel unconditionally should be granted.
Arbitration - Award - Dispute between parties as to demurrage - Arbitrator held that he had no jurisdiction to award interest - Whether award should be set aside or remitted for alleged error of law on its face.
Charter-party (Voyage) - Freight - Non-payment - Whether owners could claim freight from sub-charterers - Whether sub-charterers party to bill of lading - Whether head charterers acted as agents on behalf of owners. Practice - Arbitration - Special case - Leave to appeal - Whether leave needed to appeal from a decision of the Court on an interim case.
Practice - Arbitration - Award - Charterers sought leave to appeal from award - Whether leave should be given - Whether Court of Appeal had jurisdiction to deal with application - Whether Judge's decision to grant leave should be altered - Arbitration Act, 1979.
Sale of goods (f.o.b.) - Non-delivery - Buyers failed to nominate vessel - Whether contract provided for 21 or 60 days extension - Whether carrying charges arose in context of breach - Whether carrying charges a penally - GAFTA 64.
Contract - Exemption clause - Securicor patrolman set fire to premises - Whether Securicor liable for damage caused - Whether Securicor entitled to rely on exemption clause.
Insurance (Motor) - Limitation of liability - Construction of ordinance - Personal injuries - Motor accident occurred in British Honduras - Whether insurers entitled to limit liability under policy - British Honduras Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Ordinance, 1958, ss. 4, 20.
Bill of lading - Damage to cargo - Jurisdiction clause - Whether sub-charterers' agents had authority to sign bills of lading and bills containing an English jurisdiction clause - Whether Court should exercise discretion and refuse leave to serve notice out of jurisdiction.
Contract - Breach - Negligent misstatement - Contract for cargo inspection at loading port - Cargo arrived in damaged condition - Whether plaintiffs contracted with first, second or fourth defendants - Whether plaintiffs could recover damages from defendants.
Contract - Construction - Parties agreed to terminate joint venture - Mechanics of termination contained in agreement - Defendants agreed compromise without approval of plaintiffs - Whether plaintiffs entitled to immediate payment under terms of agreement. Practice - Discovery - Privileged documents - Whether plaintiffs entitled to discovery of all contracts and documents - Whether defendants entitled to claim that certain documents subject of legal professional privilege.
Practice - Collision - Damage to cargo - Service out of jurisdiction - Plaintiffs granted leave to serve notice of writ out of jurisdiction - Whether application to set aside should be granted - R.S.C., O. 75, r. 4.
Admiralty practice - Salvage - Arbitration - Owners put up security but did not claim arbitration - Whether injunction restraining first defendants from enforcing security should be extended - Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement.
Admiralty practice - Salvage - Owners put up security but did not claim arbitration within 42 days allowed by salvage agreement - Whether application for extension of time should be granted - Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement - Arbitration Act, 1950, s. 27.
Salvage - Arbitration - Cargo interests failed to give notice of appeal in time - Appeal arbitrator issued award in favour of salvors - Total sum as between cargo interests and owners not payable in proportion to values of respective properties - Whether arbitrator had misconducted himself - Whether award should be remitted - Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement.
Practice - Mareva injunction - Interveners - Vessel sank with all cargo - Cargo-owners obtained injunction - Interveners held to be equitable mortgagees and assignees of policy - Whether application to enable Mareva assets to be used to repay interveners should be granted.
Charter-party (Time) - Repudiation - Vessel let to sub-charterers - Vessel in need of substantial repairs - Ways in which contract may be repudiated - Whether time lost through breaches may be added to time lost through other causes when deciding whether contract repudiated - Whether time lost amounted to repudiatory breach - Damages for off-hire - Whether owners' conduct amounted to a renunciatory breach - Whether sub-charterers justified in repudiating charter - New York Produce Exchange form.
Insurance (Marine) - Sale of goods (c. & f.) - Plaintiffs insured cargo of essential oils in drums with defendants - On discharge drums found to contain water - Whether drums ever contained oil - Whether plaintiffs could claim under policy.
Sale of goods (c.i.f.) - Non-acceptance - Notice of appropriation - Buyers rejected notice - Whether sellers entitled to ship by more than one vessel - Whether notice out of time - Whether buyers entitled to reject documents - GAFTA 100.
[1980] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 665
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